Seasonal variability in the biophysical properties of stratum corneum from different anatomical sites

Black, David R.; Pozo, Alfonso del; Lagarde, Jean‐Michel; Gall, Y.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006002070.x

Cited by 71 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The highest values can be found on the facial skin, articular fossae, lower values -on the forearms whilst the lowest -on the shins [8,10,38,41]. This depends mostly on epidermis thickness and the location of sebaceous and sweat glands [3,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These connections regulate the transmission of water and other substances dissolved in it to living layers of the epidermis [17]. The highest TEWL values are found on the skin of palms, soles, face, genitals and the areas of joints; whereas the lowest -on the calves [41,46]. Transepidermal water loss values most probably do not depend on sex [10,31,46], although some studies point to higher values of this parameter among men [47].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moisture level changes also depending on the ambient moisture and temperature. These parameters affect water retention and the degree of its evaporation from the corneal layer, having some influence on the change of hydration gradient between the epidermis and the envi-ronment [41,42]. Moreover, the moisture value may also be affected by the type of consumed foods.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In stable ambient conditions, TEWL oscillates around 4-10 g/h/m 2 , depending on the skin area, but it may increase even up to a 30 times higher value when epidermis is damaged [1]. The TEWL value changes even under the influence of such factors as skin temperature, blood flow through skin vessels, the pace of epidermis regeneration, the thickness of corneal layer, the lipid contents in corneal layer, the number and activity of sweat glands on a given skin area, ambient temperature and humidity and many others [1,8,37,41]. This parameter depends on the correct structure of the junctions between the cells of the corneal and granular layers, which are the place of the passage between a low and high concentration of water.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Boer¹,

Duchnik²,

Maleszka³

et al. 2016

pdia

185

178

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A b s t r a c tThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical properties turn it into an efficient outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier with its major part -stratum corneum. The condition of the epidermal barrier depends on individual and environmental factors. The most important biophysical parameters characterizing the status of this barrier are the skin pH, epidermal hydration, transepidermal water loss and sebum excretion. The knowledge of biophysical skin processes may be useful for the implementation of prophylactic actions whose aim is to restore the barrier function.Key words: epidermal barrier, sebum, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, skin pH. Skin is a barrier between the human body and the external environment. It protects the body against exogenous chemical and physical factors, takes part in the metabolic processes, plays a resorptive and thermoregulatory function, being the first line of defence against pathogenic microorganisms, and it partakes in immunological processes [1]. Review paperThe complex structure of human skin and its physicochemical characteristics turn it into an effective outermost defence line against exogenous factors, and help maintain homeostasis of the human body. This role is played by the epidermal barrier, in which the corneal layer of epidermis has a particularly important function to perform [1][2][3]. It consists of 15-20 layers of fully cornified keratinocytescorneocytes. In the bottom part of the cornified layer, the cells closely adjoin each other, while in the top part they are arranged loosely and undergo scaling. Construction of the corneal layer resembles a wall in which corneocytes stand for bricks, and a fat-abundant intercellular matrix is the cement [4,5]. The interior of the corneal layer cells is filled with cytokeratin filaments bonded with filaggrin. These cells are surrounded by a stiff, cornified encasement built mostly of the loricrin protein, forming a part of the so-called protein-lipid envelope [2,3,6]. The envelope is connected with the extracellular liquid crystal matrix and constitutes the border between the hydrophilic surface of the cells and the lipophilic non-polar fatty acids of the matrix surrounding corneocytes [7].The thickness of the outer layer of the epidermis, the size of corneocytes, and the composition of superficial lipids impact the regenerative properties of the skin, which contributes to the various courses of dermatological diseases, and the process of healing alike. Anatomical areas with thick epidermis are more resistant to external factors [8]. On the other hand, the areas with a relatively thin cornified layer, such as the face, are characterized by high susceptibility to damaging factors, but also by the ability to re-establish the barrier function very fast. It is connected with a high proliferative activity, thus quick regeneration of the epidermis, intensive vascularity, good hydration, and pr...

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Boer¹,

Duchnik²,

Maleszka³

et al. 2016

pdia

185

178

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“…Other studies have evaluated the biophysical changes that are occurred during the different seasons [8]. This study aimed to expand our understanding of the effects of environmental factors on skin barrier function, especially at low temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between Cheeks and Dorsal Hands Skin Properties during Skiing in a Cold and Windy Environment

Jang¹,

Choi²,

Han³

et al. 2017

JCDSA

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Background/Purpose: The skin protects against external factors and this skin function can be affected by environmental conditions, including low temperature, low humidity, and high altitude. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between the environment and the skin. The purpose of this study is to determine how the skin barrier functions change at low temperatures. Methods: This study was performed at a Korean ski resort on January 2015 and evaluated 10 subjects skin condition during skiing. Skin properties were examined at 2 sites (cheeks and dorsal hands) and four time points (indoor; baseline, outdoor; after first skiing and after second skiing, indoor; after taking a shower). Results: The skin hydration on the cheek decreased after the second skiing session and the erythema decreased only after the first skiing while this value on dorsal hand was not changed by skiing. The brightness and yellowness of cheek skin increased and redness decreased therefore, skin color became pale during skiing. The extensibility of cheeks and dorsal hands decreased after skiing. We found positive correlation between skin temperature and redness (r 2 = 0.707, p < 0.000). Also the skin properties changed according to ambient temperature. The cheek skin temperature, erythema, redness and extensibility increased when people moved from outdoor to indoor while skin brightness and yellowness decreased. The skin hydration on both cheeks and dorsal hands and the skin properties except skin temperature of dorsal hands didn't change significantly. Conclusions: Low temperatures can affect human skin color so that the skin color becomes pale because capillary blood vessels shrink when skin is exposed to cold environment. The cheek skin tends to change easily than dorsal hand during ambient temperature change.

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Improving stable isotopic interpretations made from human hair through reduction of growth cycle error

Williams

White

Longstaffe

2011

American J Phys Anthropol

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A recent trend in stable isotopic analysis involves the reconstruction of short-term variations in diet using hair segments. However, bulk hair samples typically contain a growth cycle error, which may conceal or confound the most recently incorporated isotopic information. It is assumed that, at any given time, ∼85-90% of scalp hairs are actively growing, while the remaining 10-15% have transitioned into a resting or inactive phase, which lasts up to 4 months before hairs are shed. This study uses growth phase to determine the effects of age, sex, and health status on carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of hair analyzed in sequential segments. For this study, we selected archaeological hair samples from 10 individuals from Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. Isotopic analyses of actively growing hair segments were compared to those for mixed growth phase segments from each individual. These data demonstrate the presence of growth cycle error and show that an understanding of structural-functional relationships is essential for interpreting normal versus pathological changes in hair follicle and fiber production. In situations where diet change and mobility produce variations in an individual's isotopic composition, elimination of positional-temporal error in sequential segment hair analyses can facilitate greater understanding of intraindividual metabolic reactions and changes in hair growth cycles. Phase identification may aid in determining the presence of pathological conditions in individuals, especially in those lacking skeletal indications, and provide a more precise estimation of seasonal dietary patterns, access to changing food resources, and metabolic equilibration to a new locality.

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Seasonal variability in the biophysical properties of stratum corneum from different anatomical sites

Cited by 71 publications

References 4 publications

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Structural and biophysical characteristics of human skin in maintaining proper epidermal barrier function

Differences between Cheeks and Dorsal Hands Skin Properties during Skiing in a Cold and Windy Environment

Improving stable isotopic interpretations made from human hair through reduction of growth cycle error

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