Seasonal spring peaks of suicide in victims with and without prior history of hospitalization for mood disorders

Postolache, Teodor T.; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Tonelli, Leonardo H.; Jiao, Xiaolong; Frangakis, C; Soriano, Joseph J.; Qin, Ping

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.015

Cited by 88 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Topographically, consistent with the previously observed latitudinal gradient in suicides, recent studies have again found no seasonal variation in suicides in regions near the equator, including northern Brazil ( n = 31,228 [14]) and Singapore ( n = 3,395 [13]). Temporally, a smaller, second bimodal October peak in suicides in the northern hemisphere has been found in some recent studies, including in Japan (October; n = 501,950 [29]), Sweden (October; n = 161,182 [30]), Finland (October; n = 96,159 [30]), and Denmark (October, n = 37,987 [36]). This smaller second peak could be related in some way to the known second bimodal seasonal peak in the distribution of depression onsets [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Goodwin and Jamison [7] reviewed 61 studies in the northern hemisphere and found a striking May peak in suicides and a less common, smaller bimodal October peak. Since the review of Goodwin and Jamison [7], there have been dozens of additional studies that have replicated consistent late spring peaks in suicide in nearly all of the largest datasets, including in the northern hemisphere (in those studies that reported both a monthly peak and a total n for suicides), the USA (May; n = 649,843, the present study), Japan (April; n = 501,950 [29]), Sweden (May; n = 161,182 [30]), Italy (May; n = 141,180 [31]), Finland (May; n = 96,159 [30]), England (January; n = 92,909 [32]), Austria (May; n = 67,741 [33]), Mexico (May; n = 64,298 [34]), Spain (July; n = 42,905 [35]), Denmark (May; n = 37,987 [36]), Switzerland (May/June; n = 37,518 [37]), Norway (May; n = 20,156 [38]), China (May; n = 14,450 [39]), and Ireland (April; n = 7,899 [40]). In the southern hemisphere, reciprocal spring peaks have been found in Australia (November; n = 57,936 [41]), South Africa (October; n = 16,389 [42]), and São Paulo, Brazil (November; n = 6,916 [43]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chris Cornell, the Black Hole Sun, and the Seasonality of Suicide

Schwartz¹

2019

Neuropsychobiology

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Purpose: Seattle-inspired rock and roll superstar Chris Cornell died by suicide in May 2017. In the northern hemisphere, May represents the peak of the widely replicated but still unexplained seasonal spring rhythm in suicide. Years earlier, Cornell had suffered openly from recurrent bouts of severe depression, and his early musical lyrics do indeed suggest an enduring sensitivity to the vicissitudes of depressed and suicidal states. Cornell’s most famous song, Black Hole Sun, suggests a mixed mood state, the incidence of which also peaks in the spring. The present work explores Cornell’s May suicide from a chronobiologic perspective. Methods: Review of Cornell’s lyrics and literature on suicide. Results: Cornell’s lyrics contain clear indicators of mixed depressive and seasonal imagery, highlighting 3 fundamental axioms of suicidology: (1) the yearly suicide rhythm peaks in May in the northern hemisphere, (2) mixed depressive states are particularly lethal, and (3) the suicide risk increases dramatically when recovering from depression and mood turns mixed. Conclusions: Cornell, in his life and music, left us with a novel and important hypothesis about the spring seasonality of suicide, namely, that the yearly suicide risk becomes maximal when winter turns to spring and there emerges a deadly mixed mood state under a May photoperiod, i.e., the suicide risk is maximal when a Black Hole Sun occurs in May. It is hoped that Cornell’s legacy and sensitive hypothesis inspire research into the etiology and treatment of the spring seasonality of suicide risk and mixed mood states. Limitations: The Cornell hypothesis was formulated based in part on several speculative inferences regarding the course of his functioning just prior to his suicide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chris Cornell, the Black Hole Sun, and the Seasonality of Suicide

Schwartz¹

2019

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Tal como ha sido mencionado en estudios en población adulta [16][17][18][19][20][21] , se observa en nuestra investigación un patrón estacional en la conducta evaluada, existiendo una mayor incidencia de los intentos en el trimestre octubre-diciembre, con 20 casos (42,5%). No fue factible establecer signifi cancia en este patrón, posiblemente por un tamaño muestral insufi ciente, pero si se observa una tendencia marcada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por otro lado, un aspecto pobremente estudiado respecto a la conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes es su incidencia en las diferentes épocas del año o estacionalidad. Estudios en población adulta sobre el tema, asocian el patrón estacional del suicidio a la presencia de psicopatología, trastornos del ánimo, latitud, género y letalidad, entre otros [16][17][18][19] . En Chile, Heerlein et al muestran la existencia de un peak primaveral en suicidio en ambos sexos, en función del fotoperíodo 20 .…”

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Conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes ingresados en un hospital general: Análisis descriptivo

Catalán

et al. 2012

Rev. méd. Chile

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“…23 Postolache et al recognize the Suicides peak in the spring and believes that mood disorders increased in the spring. 24 Biometeorologists have found that biological behavior, mood and health were associated with climate change. 25 Cyr found that people in different weather conditions (such as sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy and foggy) immediately respond to conditions.. 26 Khoshhal and Arman in a study, investigated the relationship between environmental temperature and aggression in two cities with different climates, hot and cold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mood Disorders in Isfahan Province, Iran

Entezari

Sepahvand

2017

Int j epidemiol res

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Background and aims: Physical and social environments are effective on personality traits. What is in the framework of medical geography, is physical environment that can have positive effect on the human psyche. It can also have negative effects whose investigation is in the field of medical geographers. Methods:The present study is a descriptive analytical research that discusses the modeling of the vulnerability of mood disorders (depression, bipolar) by using meta-ranking PROMETHEE, and ArcGIS software to study climatic parameters on the spatial distribution of these disorders in Isfahan Province from 2007 to 2011. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder) in all the province had a direct correlation with each other. Isfahan, Lenjan, and Shahin Shahr were very high-risk cities and Nain and Semirom were low-risk cities. The prevalence and incidence of these disorders have a direct correlation with temperature, precipitation and humidity. There was no significant correlation between sunshine hours and incidence of mood disorders in Isfahan province. The percentage of incidence of these disorders was almost twice higher in men than women. Conclusion: Climatic parameters can be one of those factors that are effective in incidence and increasing of mood disorders (depression, bipolar). This issue highlights the need for more study and research in this field.

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Seasonal spring peaks of suicide in victims with and without prior history of hospitalization for mood disorders

Cited by 88 publications

References 54 publications

Chris Cornell, the Black Hole Sun, and the Seasonality of Suicide

Chris Cornell, the Black Hole Sun, and the Seasonality of Suicide

Conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes ingresados en un hospital general: Análisis descriptivo

Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Mood Disorders in Isfahan Province, Iran

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