Seasonal Sedimentation in the Upper Carboniferous of England

Broadhurst, F. M.; Simpson, I. M.; Hardy, P. G.

doi:10.1086/628552

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1985; Miller 1986). However, rare examples of Carbonicola have been found at the tops of sub‐vertical trace fossils similar to those described herein, and from similar aged strata (Hardy 1970; Eagar 1974; Broadhurst et al. 1980; Eagar et al.…”

Section: Trace Fossil Assemblagesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Quadrants are 200 × 200 mm 2 ; pencil is 145 mm long. Note the central ‘apertures’ of Lockeia , which may reflect foot withdrawal; these are not a common feature of Lockeia in the present study, although they resemble some of the Lockeia found at the bases of ‘escape shafts’ illustrated by Broadhurst et al. (1980, fig.…”

Section: Lockeia and Genetically Associated Tracessupporting

confidence: 46%

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Turbulence, displacement, death and worms: a day in the life of a fluvial Carboniferous bivalve

Kane

2010

LET

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The recognition and interpretation of trace fossils can be critical to our understanding of 35 ancient sedimentary successions, particularly where body fossil preservation is rare. 36Although tracks, trails and burrows have been recognised in Carboniferous strata since 37 the mid nineteenth century (Binney 1852, on the Westphalian strata of Lancashire), it was 38 the pioneering work on Westphalian strata of Germany which established the relationship 39 of trace fossil assemblages to sedimentary and faunal cyclicity (Jessen 1949; Jessen et al. 40 1952;Seilacher 1963Seilacher , 1964. Continental invertebrate ichnology has become increasingly 41 important in sedimentary geology, particularly in terms of the interpretation of 42 palaeoenvironmental conditions, and hence prediction of facies associations and 43 distributions, the identification of key stratigraphic surfaces in the absence of temporally 44 distinctive body fossils, and also in our understanding of the evolution, behavioural 45 characteristics and environmental distributions of the trace makers (e.g. Buatois & 46 Mángano 2004, 2007 and references therein). Bivalves were one of the major trace fossil 47 producers present throughout the Phanerozoic; their environmental adaptability has seen 48 3 them conquer a diverse range of habitats during their long evolutionary history (e.g.,

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Section: Trace Fossil Assemblagesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Lockeia and Genetically Associated Tracessupporting

confidence: 46%

Turbulence, displacement, death and worms: a day in the life of a fluvial Carboniferous bivalve

Kane

2010

LET

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“…Sections vertical to the bedding tend to show a succession of V-shapes where an escape shaft has been formed (Plate 23F, section 5-6). Occasionally, in the uppermost Namurian (Yeadonian) and in the lowest Westphalian, elongate shells of the non-marine genus Carbonicola have been found in steeply inclined to vertical positions, posterior end up, at the tops ofescape shafts (Hardy 1970b, Eagar 1971, Broadhurst, Hardy and Simpson 1980. I We use the name Pelec}'Podiclmus Seilacher 1953 in preference to Lockeia James 1879 in accordance with the opinion of Hakes (1977, p. 222) that Lockeia is invalid under the fifty-year obsolescence rule, being a nomen abUtum (see also Hantzchel 1975, p. W79).…”

Section: Introduction and Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRACE FOSSILS AS EVIDENCE IN THE EVOLUTION OF CARBONICOLA

Eagar¹,

Okolo²,

Walters³

1983

PYGS

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SUMMARY In Standedge cutting near Marsden, Yorkshire, the Butterly Marine Band, of late Kinderscoutian (Namurian R 1C ) age, is gradationally overlain by a small-scale (7 m) coarsening-upward sequence. This is characterised by parallel-laminated mudstone-dominated units at the base and by parallel-laminated fine sandstone/siltstone-dominated lithofacies at the top. The sequence, which probably reflects the infilling of a shallow interdistributary bay by sediment-laden incursions from distributaries, is truncated by erosion at the base of the Upper Kinderscout Grit. Planolites occurs sporadically in the 2 m of laminated silty mudstones lying immediately above the Marine Band. In the succeeding thin sandstones, siltstones and silty mudstones trace fossils are abundant and include ‘ Scolicia ’, Cochlichnus and hitherto undescribed forms. Pelecypodichnus and Pelecypodichnus escape shafts are extremely numerous in these beds and both are commonly connected to trails which are parallel to bedding planes. The association of trails with burrows indicates that bivalve movement was initially across the substratum, then steeply downward and finally more or less vertically upward. The structures fit the recently described marginally marine bivalves provisionally designated of. Sanguinolites Hind non M’Coy from the top of the Upper Kinderscout Grit in Sabden Brook, near Clitheroe. On the basis of comparative internal and external shell morphology this form appears to be ancestral to Carbonicola (Eagar 1977). Burrows and escape shafts at Standedge fit well into the sequence of burrow morphologies in which progressively longer escape shafts develop from the middle of the Shale Grit to the middle of the Marsdenian. Thence they merge upward into forms ascribed to Carbonicola, which are associated with trace fossils suggestive of fresher water. Escape shafts of Carbonicola, as far as they have been investigated, tend to show more pronounced current orientation of their long axes than shafts attributed to cf. Sanguinolites.

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“…Consequently, it would seem that the Sydney Basin was covered by coal forests for perhaps only 20% of the time. The inter-seam deposits are mostly subaqueous clastics, which based on the estimated deposition rates for such deposits by Broadhurst et al (1980) would not represent the time unaccounted-for by the coals. However, Tandon and Gibling (1997) have described vertisols between some of the seams that may represent periods of exposure that could accommodate the missing time.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palynological evidence for Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) vegetation change in the Sydney Coalfield, eastern Canada

et al. 2010

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The palynology of clastic samples from seven stratigraphical levels in the late Moscovian Sydney Mines Formation, exposed along the shore at Bras d'Or, Nova Scotia, has been investigated. Most of the samples were from roof shales of major coals; the one sample that was not yielded a much higher proportion of pollen derived from extra-basinal vegetation. The four stratigraphically lower roof shale samples yielded essentially similar palynological spectra, with 39 AE 4% lycophytes, 9 AE 4% sphenophylls, 23 AE 4% tree-ferns, 12 AE 4% other ferns and 5 AE 3% cordaites. The palynology of the upper part of the investigated succession suggests a shift in vegetation towards one favouring more marattialean treeferns, cordaites and conifers, and fewer lycophytes. This correlates with changes in drainage patterns as the alluvial plain migrated seawards and thus changed water tables. No evidence was found to suggest significant climate change at this time.

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Seasonal Sedimentation in the Upper Carboniferous of England

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Turbulence, displacement, death and worms: a day in the life of a fluvial Carboniferous bivalve

Turbulence, displacement, death and worms: a day in the life of a fluvial Carboniferous bivalve

TRACE FOSSILS AS EVIDENCE IN THE EVOLUTION OF CARBONICOLA

Palynological evidence for Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) vegetation change in the Sydney Coalfield, eastern Canada

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