Seasonal restrictions of bud growth on roots of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis and rhizomes of Elymus repens

Brandsæter, Lars Olav; Fogelfors, Håkan; Fykse, Haldor; Graglia, Enrico; Jensen, Rikke Krüger; Melander, Bo; Salonen, Jukka T.; Vanhala, Petri

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00756.x

Cited by 38 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Insignificant or varying responses of C. arvense to shallow post-harvest cultivations or cover-crop growing have also been observed in other studies (e.g., Brandsaeter et al, 2011;Melander et al, 2012). Brandsaeter et al (2010) and Tørresen et al (2010) infer that post-harvest measures against C. arvense populations showing little or varying readiness of adventive buds on roots to sprout in late summer and autumn would have a limited effect since innate bud dormancy makes it difficult to exhaust the carbohydrate reserves in the roots. The rather intensive handpulling of C. arvense in this study is another aspect likely to have masked any effects of the post-harvest treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Melander

Rasmussen

Olesen

2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TFertility building measures are important components in improving the productivity of organic cropping systems without livestock. However, some measures seem to be incompatible with the control of perennial weeds that can have adverse effects such as significant weed competition. The influence of fertility building measures (N 2 -fixing crops in the crop sequence, cover crops and manuring) and the abundance of perennial weeds were studied in a long-term crop rotation experiment at two locations in Denmark. The aim was to gain insight into the factors that influence the growth of perennial weed species occurring in mixed stands. Data were obtained from three cycles of four-year arable crop rotations comprising various cash crops in rotations with and without annual whole-year grass-clover as green manure and subjected to four treatment combinations: with and without animal manure and with and without cover crops. Severe outbreaks of perennial weed problems did not occur at the location that had the highest soil fertility, whereas the other site demonstrated dynamic growth of Cirsium arvense and Elytrigia repens. Grain legumes tended to promote the growth of C. arvense, while manuring was neutral to C. arvense but beneficial to E. repens. Cover crops assisted the growth of E. repens since prolonged mechanical interventions were not possible. Compatibility was only achieved with grass-clover and C. arvense, meaning that green manure crops suitable for cutting and mulching could offer an important management option against C. arvense but not against E. repens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Melander

Rasmussen

Olesen

2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…This is probably due to the higher presence of C. arvense and T. farfara, as opposed to E. repens, in experiment 2. The two dicotyledonous perennials are known to grow less readily in late summer and autumn than E. repens (Brandsaeter et al, 2010;Tørresen et al, 2010). Depleting the carbohydrates in the roots of C. arvense and rhizomes of T. farfara is probably less pronounced as compared to E. repens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. arvense is sensitive to deep tillage whilst the effect of shallow cultivations may vary (Brandsaeter et al, 2011a(Brandsaeter et al, , 2011bOlsen, 2011). Brandsaeter et al (2010) and Tørresen et al (2010) inferred that cultivations against perennials with low readiness of buds to sprout in late summer and autumn (e.g. S. arvensis) would have limited effect since innate bud dormancy makes exhaustion of the carbohydrate reserves in the roots impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct control of perennial weeds between crops – Implications for organic farming

Melander¹,

Holst²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2012

Crop Protection

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a b s t r a c tPerennial weeds can be a major constraint to organic crop production and direct control actions applied between crops can then be necessary to reduce the problems. We conducted two experiments, one on a sandy loam and one on a sandy soil in Denmark, with the aim of studying the efficacy of different implement types and strategies. The treatments were employed against mixed stands of perennials after harvest of spring barley in two consecutive years. Time of treatment, cultivation depth and combinations of implements constituted the strategies. Treatment effects were evaluated in the growing season that followed the post-harvest treatments. In the one experiment, repeated tine cultivation caused an 80 e90% annual reduction of the population of mainly Cirsium arvense. With treatments conducted in two consecutive years, the accumulated effects reached 99% control. In the second experiment, power take-off driven implements with rotating weeding devices demonstrated similar control efficacies against a mixed stand composing C. arvense, Tussilago farfara, Elytrigia repens and Artemisia vulgaris. One pass was conducted a week after barley harvest followed by another pass 3 weeks later and ending the strategy with mouldboard ploughing in the succeeding spring. Grain yields did not differ among the treatments in the two experiments as a result of the generally high effectiveness exerted by the control strategies. Especially post-harvest control strategies based on rotating weed devices and mouldboard ploughing appear to be effective solutions against mixed stands of perennials on sandy soils but they do not comply with optimal nutrient management in organic cropping. Therefore, intensive autumn cultivation is only relevant where a perennial weed problem is uncontrollable by other means.

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“…The weed species may cause severe crop yield losses and has become an increasing problem as the use of herbicides is reduced (Bacher et al 1997;Salonen et al 2001;Salonen & Hyvönen 2002;Brandsaeter et al 2010). To effectively control this weed with other measures, mainly mechanical, the predictions of the behaviour of the weed in relation to climate and the cultivated crop are essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling below-ground shoot elongation and emergence time ofSonchus arvensisshoots

Torssell

Eckersten

Anbari

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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To assess emergence time of shoots from roots of the perennial weed Sonchus arvensis as a function of root weight and soil temperature, we performed an experiment to which linear models were fitted. Root parts of three distinct initial weight classes were grown in pots in the dark at constant temperatures of 4, 8 and 18°C, respectively. During five harvest occasions, prior to or at shoot emergence, below-ground shoot length was measured. Root planting depth (3, 10 and 17 cm) did not influence shoot elongation rate. The belowground shoot elongation rate for a given initial root-weight class was estimated from the observations to be constant with time, but to increase with temperature and initial root weight. By expressing shoot length for a given day as a linear function of the number of days from planting date, and elongation rate as a linear function of temperature, we calculated (1) the accumulated temperature-sum requirement for emergence, (2) emergence time for variable temperature conditions in a clay soil using soil temperature recordings at 5-cm depth for seven seasons in central Sweden and (3) the emergence time at three elevated temperature levels and initial root-weight classes. The accumulated temperature-sum requirements for below-ground shoots of S. arvensis to reach soil surface are independent of temperature regime for roots of a given initial weight but lower for heavier than lighter roots. The temperature limit for below-ground shoot elongation to occur is about 2.0-2.5°C. Between-year variations in temperature under field conditions cause larger variation to emergence time than initial root-weight differences. An average temperature increase of 3°C would cause an earlier emergence time, in the same range (about 2 weeks) as the difference between the earliest and latest year in the current weather conditions.

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Seasonal restrictions of bud growth on roots of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis and rhizomes of Elymus repens

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Direct control of perennial weeds between crops – Implications for organic farming

Modelling below-ground shoot elongation and emergence time ofSonchus arvensisshoots

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