Seasonal Response of Grasses Fertilized with Nitrogen Compared to a Legume‐Grass Mixture<sup>1</sup>

Schmidt, David; Tenpas, G. H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700050005x

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The large discrepancy between the DMY of the orchardgrass monocultures and the orchardgrass component of the mixtures and the nearly 50% higher total plot weights of the monocultures was the largest difference between the plot types and was indicative of the competitiveness of the alfalfa and the unfertilized orchardgrass. However, these results are not inconsistent with previous findings where adequate supplemental nitrogen fertilization results in higher orchardgrass monoculture DMY than the unfertilized mixture plots (Schmidt and Tenpas ). Due to the lack of separation of grass and legume components of mixtures in previous studies, it is difficult to absolutely compare results, and it is likely that if included in the analysis in this study the alfalfa component of the mixtures would have had a beneficial effect on the underlying forage quality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Because of the substantial genotype 9 environment interaction generally associated with orchardgrass agronomic traits, including forage yield (Gray 1982), this understanding would allow breeders to identify best strategies for orchardgrass improvement under monoculture and mixture settings. While there have been multiple evaluations of orchardgrass/alfalfa mixtures ( Aberg et al 1943;Weiss and Mukerji 1950;Schmidt and Tenpas 1965;Smith et al 1973;Casler and Drolsom 1984;Weil 1988;Sheaffer et al 1990;Sleugh et al 2000), there are several important differences between the current study and those studies. The previous studies occurred primarily in the Midwest USA under rainfed conditions, and all but Weiss and Mukerji (1950) did not separate the grass component from the alfalfa component of the mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

et al. 2014

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A study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 to evaluate and characterize the agronomic value of seven agronomic traits, including dry matter yield and forage quality of 25 orchardgrass cultivars grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with alfalfa. The irrigated Millville, UT, USA (41°41′24″N, 111°49′48″W) field site was characterized by a semiarid climate and elevation over 1300 m. The cultivar × mixture interaction was significant for all traits but flag leaf height, and contained a substantial crossover component among the cultivars. Differences among cultivar means were significant for all traits in both the monoculture and mixture settings. Yet, concordance for high cultivar performance in both monoculture and mixture was low. Thus, the strong underlying cultivar × mixture interaction found in this study complicates the identification of best cultivars in both settings. Yet, for each trait cultivars were identified that possessed statistically high phenotypic performance under the monoculture and mixed sward conditions. Thus, despite the substantial cultivar × environment effect, it should be possible to develop orchardgrass cultivars with improved agronomic performance under both management conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

et al. 2014

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“…(1989) reached a similar conclusion about optimal reed canarygrass phenotypes for compatability with two perennial legumes. Most studies support the contention that grass cultivar vigor is highly correlated between mixed stands and mono cultures (Churchill, 1947;Wilsie, 1949;Weiss & Mukerji, 1950;Schmidt & Tenpas, 1965;Krueger & Scholl, 1970).…”

Section: Maturitymentioning

confidence: 71%

Germplasm and Cultivar Development

Casler

Pedersen

Eizenga

et al. 2015

Agronomy Monographs

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Cool-season forage grasses have evolved, and continue to evolve, in natural ecosystems subject to environmental factors both in the presence and absence of human influences. The literature often lacks facts describing the evolution and domestication of forage grasses. Furthermore, the literature on this subject mainly deals with evolution of species in the broad scope, i.e., on a scale of hundreds of thousands or millions or years. Thus, some of our conclusions are necessarily speculative and are highly subject to the nature of the research that has been reported. We describe the forces of selection that act upon cool-season forage grasses and attempt to place each in historical perspective and in relation to each other. Because most economically important cool-season forage grasses are perennial, our principal focus will be on perennial species. There has been very little effort to quantify economic values of selection criteria or to empirically compare different breeding procedures in cool-season forage grasses. We attempt to summarize and compare some of the more important and thoroughly reported approaches used since the advent of formal breeding strategies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These selection criteria and breeding procedures are as varied as the individual researchers who developed them. Examples are cited to illustrate principles and phenomena of historical or practical importance. More details of the agriculturally important species are discussed in the later chapters of this book. Space limitations prevent 1 Common names for plants have been used throughout the chapter. Refer to the appendix for the scientific name.

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“…Numerous investigations have shown increased dry matter yields of orchardgrass, bromegrass, or reed canarygrass with increased nitrogen (12,14,17,18,21,30). However, the results of Schmidt and Tenpas (23) showed higher yields of orchardgrass and bromegrass with 500 than with 1000 pounds of N per acre. In addition, reduced stands and weed encroachment have been associated with high N rates ( ll).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Yields, Stand Persistence, and Carbohydrate Reserves of Perennial Grasses as Influenced by Spring Harvest Stage, Stubble Height, and Nitrogen Fertilization¹

Raese¹,

Decker²

1966

Agronomy Journal

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Spring harvests of orchardgrass, bromegrass, and reed canarygrass were made at pre‐joint, early head, early bloom, and late bloom. At least one aftermath was differentially cut leaving either a 1.5‐ or a 3.5‐inch stubble. Nitrogen was applied at either 25 or 75 pounds N per acre per harvest. Yields increased with maturity at harvest. Greatest persistence with least weed encroachment was obtained at late bloom. The effects of stubble height varied with species, harvest date, and nitrogen rate. Yields were increased with high nitrogen even though stand was reduced. Although a negative relation existed between fructose and aftermath forage production, total fructose was positively correlated with etiolated tiller growth.

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Seasonal Response of Grasses Fertilized with Nitrogen Compared to a Legume‐Grass Mixture¹

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

Germplasm and Cultivar Development

Yields, Stand Persistence, and Carbohydrate Reserves of Perennial Grasses as Influenced by Spring Harvest Stage, Stubble Height, and Nitrogen Fertilization¹

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Seasonal Response of Grasses Fertilized with Nitrogen Compared to a Legume‐Grass Mixture1

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

Germplasm and Cultivar Development

Yields, Stand Persistence, and Carbohydrate Reserves of Perennial Grasses as Influenced by Spring Harvest Stage, Stubble Height, and Nitrogen Fertilization1

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Seasonal Response of Grasses Fertilized with Nitrogen Compared to a Legume‐Grass Mixture¹

Yields, Stand Persistence, and Carbohydrate Reserves of Perennial Grasses as Influenced by Spring Harvest Stage, Stubble Height, and Nitrogen Fertilization¹