Seasonal population changes of ammonia-oxidizing organisms and their relationship to water quality in a constructed wetland

Seasonal and spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganism communities in surface sediments from the East China Sea

“…The similar results that β-AOBwith a higher amoA gene copy numbers were also found in many areas, such as mangrove sediments (Li et al, 2011), Baiyangdian lake sediment , Chongming eastern intertidal sediments (Zheng et al, 2013) and intertidal sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary (Zheng et al, 2014). However, there were reports that AOA were more abundant than β-AOB in other environments, such as Zhujiang (Pearl) River Estuary (Cao et al, 2011a;Jin et al, 2011), wetland (Sims et al, 2012a;Sims et al, 2012b), acidic soils (Yao et al, 2011) andlake (Hou et al, 2013a). Overall, the weight of β-AOB or AOA in the ammonia oxidation varies by area and depends on its environmental conditions.…”

“…Therefore, functional genes such as those encoding the key enzymes involved in ammonia oxidation have been considered as the alternatives for ecological studies (Rotthauwe et al, 1997). Ammonium is first oxidized by the membrane-bound enzyme ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) in β-AOB and AOA (Junier et al, 2010), so the amoA gene has been widely used for the study of diversity, abundance and distribution of AOA and β-AOB communities in diverse environments, such as lakes (Hou et al, 2013a;Hou , et al, 2013b;Vissers et al, 2013), sediments (Cao et al, 2011b;Zheng et al, 2013), wetlands (Sims et al, 2012a;Sims et al, 2012b), sponges (Han et al, 2013, paddy soils (Wang et al, 2014a), and reservoirs (Wang et al, 2014b). Hence, we used amoA gene to investigate seasonal and spatial distribution of ammonia oxidizer communities.…”

Seasonal Performance of Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors and Ecosystem Sewage Treatment Hybrid Processes in Small Towns of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

“…even when the hRt of the bioreactors was 0 under Condition 1, the final COD concentration of the hybrid reactors outflow could still satisfy the primary standard A. the relatively high temperatures in the summer led to high microbial activity, and the idle period set in the ecosystem reactors successfully helped to improve the Do concentration in the wetlands and ultimately strengthened the aerobic coD degradation in the system. Under condition 1, with the ecosystem reactors working in series independently, the system could remove nitrogen efficiently: the nitrifying bacteria in the wetland system showed the strongest activity and the fastest nitration rate in the summer (20); lush plants could absorb part of the available nitrogen, and the roots helped oxygen restoration (15,27). the idle period set in both stages was able to fulfill the re-aeration requirements, effectively enhancing the activity of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria.…”

Impediment to Symbiosis Establishment between Giant Clams and Symbiodinium Algae Due to Sterilization of Seawater

“…Another hypothesis on the adverse effects of seawater sterilization is that sterilization leads to a decrease of the bacteria that decompose substances being harmful to giant clam seeds (e.g. ammonia; see [42] for bacterial decomposition of ammonia). A third hypothesis is that seawater sterilization results in decreased microbial diversity, which, paradoxically, translates into an increase of harmful bacteria that can adhere to giant clam seeds when the seeds are artificially hatched in a tank ([15], [24]).…”