Seasonal Performance Analysis of a Residential Heat Pump Using Different Fluids with Low Environmental Impact

Refrigerants selection for a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump for domestic hot water

“…It is also important to highlight that the best COP of the R290 compared with the R1234yf was found in the results presented by Makhnatch and Khodabandeh (2014b), Ghoubali et al (2014) and Botticella and Viscito (2015) for different systems.…”

“…These refrigerants will be compared to R134a, which is widely used in DX-SAHP (Hawlader et al, 2001;Chyng et al, 2003;Chata et al, 2005;Chow et al, 2010;Fernández-Seara et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2014;Moreno-Rodriguez et al, 2013;Deng and Yu, 2016;Diniz, 2017;Kong et al, 2018a;Kong et al, 2018b). The R290 was selected because of the discussions presented in Sarbu (2014), Makhnatch and Khodabandeh (2014b), Ghoubali et al (2014) and Botticella and Viscito (2015). In addition, the R290 is used by many heat pump manufactures (Palm, 2008) and it can work at high evaporating temperature (Chaichana et al, 2003).…”

“…The selection of the R744 is based on the discussions presented in Sarbu (2014Sarbu ( , 2012Sarbu ( , 2016.In addition, the use of the R744 in a heat pump for heating water is highlighted in Ma et al (2013) by the good match between the water temperature profile in applications with conventional heaters. Finally, the choice of R1234yf is based on analyses presented in Makhnatch and Khodabandeh (2014b), Ghoubali et al (2014), Botticella and Viscito (2015), Duarte et al (2018) for different points of operation of the system. In addition, the R1234yf is always an ecological alternative (Sarbu, 2014).…”

“…The authors concluded that propane is the best option due to a low environmental impact, best SCOP (seasonal coefficient of performance) and commercial availability of equipment. Botticella and Viscito (2015) implemented an air to water residential heat pump mathematical model to produce a comparative analysis between the refrigerants R290 and R1234yf. The analyses were performed for different operational conditions and the results showed the best performance with the propane.…”

Numerical performance of a water source transcritical CO2 heat pump with mechanical subcooling

“…It consists of a 1D cell-by-cell discretization method that divides the heat exchanger into n cells, applies the energy conservation equation to each cell, and solves iteratively until convergence in the heat transfer area is reached; further details of this method can be found in [33]. On the other hand, since the condenser of the auxiliary R1234yf cycle is a conventional water/subcritical refrigerant plate heat exchanger, a well-known commercial software, IMST-ART [40], extensively used by several authors in their research work [41][42][43][44][45][46] as a simulation tool to model refrigeration cycle components, including different types of heat exchangers, has been used to obtain condensation pressure and heat transfer rate. The same method has been used to model the evaporator of the auxiliary cycle for Conf.…”