Seasonal Occurrence of Virally Induced Skin Tumors in Wild Fish

Getchell, Rodman G.; Casey, James W.; Bowser, Paul R.

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0191:soovis>2.0.co;2

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In particular, all three viruses share a complex structure and express distant cyclin homologs presumably involved in tumorigenesis (18,19,25,34). Interestingly, WDSVand WEHV-associated neoplasms have been documented to appear and regress seasonally, suggesting a complex regulation of tumor progression in these systems (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

Paul

Quackenbush

Sutton

et al. 2006

J Virol

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A novel piscine retrovirus has been identified in association with an outbreak of leiomyosarcoma in the swim bladders of Atlantic salmon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Atlantic salmon swim bladder sarcoma virus (SSSV) provirus is 10.9 kb in length and shares a structure and transcriptional profile similar to those of murine leukemia virus-like simple retroviruses. SSSV appears unique to simple retroviruses by not harboring sequences in the Atlantic salmon genome. Additionally, SSSV differs from other retroviruses in potentially utilizing a methionine tRNA primer binding site. SSSV-associated tumors contain high proviral copy numbers (greater than 30 per cell) and a polyclonal integration pattern. Phylogenetic analysis based on reverse transcriptase places SSSV with zebrafish endogenous retrovirus (ZFERV) between the Gammaretrovirus and Epsilonretrovirus genera. Large regions of continuous homology between SSSV and ZFERV Gag, Pol, and Env suggest that these viruses represent a new group of related piscine retroviruses.

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

Paul

Quackenbush

Sutton

et al. 2006

J Virol

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“…Lesions are present in late fall through early spring, when they regress ( Fig. 1) (2,11,25,60). WDS of feral walleyes is a multifocal, benign skin lesion that can first be seen in the fall as firm, vascularized tumors (Fig.…”

Section: Wds and Epidermal Hyperplasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While WDS and WEH are not the only seasonal tumors to be documented (seasonal tumors have been described in fish, frogs, and newts [3,4,25,29,53]), they are the only seasonal skin lesions for which the etiological agents have been cloned and sequenced. This tumor model system represents a unique venue for an integrative study of host and viral factors as they affect tumorigenesis and tumor regression.…”

Section: Future Directions and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epsilonretroviruses

Holzschu

LaPierre

Lairmore

2003

J Virol

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Experimental models using mammalian and avian oncogenic retroviruses have led to key advances in the understanding of cell proliferation and oncogenesis and basic principles in cell biology. Since the discovery in 1911 of Rous sarcoma virus (65,66), more than 30 oncogenes have been identified in acutely transforming simple retroviruses (reviewed in references 17 and 62). Retrovirally transduced oncogenes include transcription factors, growth-stimulating factors, receptor molecules, protein tyrosine kinases, protein serine/threonine kinases, and membrane-associated G proteins (62). Each of these retrovirus-encoded oncogenes has a highly conserved cellular counterpart, and many of their human homologs have been implicated in cancers. In contrast to the simple retroviruses, oncogenic complex retroviruses, e.g., human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, do not contain typical oncogenes but contain unique regulatory and accessory genes that are believed to promote cancer through their ability to alter cellular gene regulation (1). These studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of eucaryotic cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation, but these processes are still far from understood. Therefore, it is important to continue to develop new research venues for the study of cell proliferation, including new systems to study retrovirus-induced oncogenesis. Piscine and other retroviruses of lower vertebrates represent an untapped resource of model systems to investigate mechanisms of oncogenesis. At least 13 proliferative lesions of fish are tentatively attributed to retroviruses based on the observation of retrovirus-like particles and, in some cases, reverse transcriptase activity in lesions. Interestingly, seven of these lesions are seasonal; i.e., they develop and regress annually, thereby providing unique experimental models for tumor development and naturally occurring tumor death (Table 1) (25). This review focuses on the skin lesions of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum), i.e., walleye dermal sarcoma (WDS) and walleye epidermal hyperplasia (WEH) and on their associated epsilonretroviruses, WDS virus (WDSV) and WEH viruses 1 and 2 (WEHV1 and WEHV2). WDS AND EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIAWDS and WEH were first reported on fish from Oneida Lake in New York by Walker (76), who later observed type C retrovirus-like particles in lesions (75, 76). Subsequently, WDS and WEH have been reported on walleyes throughout North America (9, 79). Both WDS and WEH are common in areas of endemicity; nearly 30% of the adult walleyes collected during the spring spawning run from Oneida Lake present WDS in some years, while approximately 10% present WEH. Lesions are present in late fall through early spring, when they regress ( Fig. 1) (2,11,25,60). WDS of feral walleyes is a multifocal, benign skin lesion that can first be seen in the fall as firm, vascularized tumors (Fig. 1). In contrast, WEH is a multifocal hyperproliferative skin disease that can first be seen in the fall as sharply delimited plaques of thickened epidermis (Fig. 1)...

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“…Papillomatosis is rather common disease in several fish species and the disease has presumably viral etiology (for reviews see: Anders and Yoshimizu 1994;Getchell, et al 1998). It has been suspected that development of papillomatosis in fish is multifactorial and is affected by environmental stress and / or seasonal changes in endocrine activity by the impairment of immunity of the fish, and / or direct carcinogenic effects of substances (Baumann 1998;Baumann, et al 1996;Lee and Whitfield 1992;Anders and Yoshimizu 1994;Sano, et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach

Korkea-Aho

Vehniäinen

Kukkonen

et al. 2008

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach Korkea-aho, Tiina L.; Vehniäinen, Eeva-Riikka; Kukkonen, Jussi V. K.; Taskinen, Jouni Korkea-aho, T. L., Vehniäinen, E.-R., Kukkonen, J. V. K., & Taskinen, J. (2008). The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 70 (3), 462-468. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.03 AbstractConnection between contaminants and papillomatosis in fish has been observed in field studies but experimental evidences are scarce. We studied changes in intensity of epidermal papillomatosis in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) after exposure to treated pulp mill and municipal effluents in two experiments (1 and 2). Moreover, relative amount of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was analyzed in Experiment 2 to evaluate cellular level stress response in fish. At the Experiment 2 the highest papillomatosis intensity change was in male roach exposed to 15 % concentration of treated municipal effluent and was significantly higher than in 1.5 % effluent exposed male, but not significantly higher than in 0 % effluent exposed control male. Interestingly, the increasing effect of effluents seemed to be more pronounced in male fish than in females in all the experiments conducted. This could indicate endocrine disrupting substances in the effluents. There were no differences in HSP70 expression between exposure groups. Present results indicate that treated municipal effluents can promote papillomatosis in fish in environmentally relevant concentrations.

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Seasonal Occurrence of Virally Induced Skin Tumors in Wild Fish

Cited by 34 publications

References 63 publications

Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epsilonretroviruses

The effects of treated effluents on the intensity of papillomatosis and HSP70 expression in roach

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