Seasonal Movement of Nutrients in Plants of Differing Growth Form in an Alaskan Tundra Ecosystem: Implications for Herbivory

Chapin, F. Stuart; Johnson, Douglas A.; McKendrick, Jay D.

doi:10.2307/2259251

Cited by 322 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In grasslands, these kinds of larger scale temporal and spatial extrapolations were supported when relating H with dominance and temporal stability at the species level but not at the community level (Yu et al 2010). In contrast with herbaceous grassland communities, tundra contains species that differ strongly in growth forms and life history strategies (Chapin et al 1980;Chapin and Shaver 1988). Therefore, our study here should be interpreted as a starting point, and further extensive research may be required using longer-term nutrient addition experiments, natural environmental gradients of soil nutrient availability, multiple samplings throughout the growing season, and better indicators of soil nutrient supply to determine more robust H indices for relating stoichiometric homeostasis to species/community performances at extended temporal and spatial scales.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vegetation of low Arctic tundra includes evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, and forbs (Chapin et al 1980) that all differ in their growth rate, stature, storage capacity, organ longevity, and nutrient allocation patterns among tissues Shaver 1988, 1989). These differences may lead to growth-form-specific H values across different plant species and age-and tissue-specific H values for a given species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stoichiometric homeostasis: a test to predict tundra vascular plant species and community-level responses to climate change

Zamin

Grogan

2017

Arctic Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change is having profound influences on Arctic tundra plant composition, community dynamics, and ecosystem processes. Stoichiometric homeostasis (H), the degree to which a plant maintains its internal nutrient concentrations independent of nutrient variations in its environment, may be a useful approach to predict the impacts of these influences. In this case study, we used fertilization manipulation data to calculate homeostasis indices based on nitrogen (H N ), phosphorus (H P ), and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (H N:P ) of aboveground tissues for seven common tundra vascular species belonging to three growth forms. We then analyzed species H relationships with dominance, spatial stability, and responsiveness to various experimental manipulations. Each of the H indices was correlated amongst tissue types within each species and was generally highest in ericoid mycorrhizal host species and lowest in the ectomycorrhizal birch. Species H P and H N:P were consistently positively correlated with aboveground biomass within the controls and across all manipulations. Furthermore, these same species were spatially stable across experimentally warmed field plots. Stoichiometric homeostasis theory has been successful in predicting grassland community dynamics. This first test of its applicability across a variety of Arctic plant growth forms highlights its considerable potential in predicting tundra plant community structure and responses to environmental change.Key words: Arctic tundra, nitrogen, phosphorus, species dominance, spatial stability.Résumé : Le changement climatique a des effets considérables sur la composition des plantes de la toundra arctique, la dynamique de communauté et les processus d'écosystème. L'homéostasie stoechiométrique (H), le degré auquel une plante maintient ses concentrations de nutriments internes indépendamment des variations de nutriments dans son environnement, peut être une approche utile pour prédire les impacts de ces effets. Dans cette étude de cas, nous avons utilisé des données de manipulation de fertilisation afin de calculer les indices d'homéostasie en fonction de l'azote (H N ), du phosphore (H P ) et des rapports azote à phosphore (H N:P ) de tissus épigés, et ce, pour sept espèces vasculaires de toundra communes appartenant à trois formes de croissance. Nous avons alors analysé les relations d'H des espèces en rapport avec la dominance, la stabilité spatiale et la réactivité à diverses manipulations expérimentales. Chacun des indices d'H a été corrélé parmi les types de tissus propres à chaque espèce et était généralement le plus élevé chez les espèces hôtes éricoïdes mycorhiziennes et le plus bas chez le bouleau ectomycorhizien. L'H P et l'H N:P des espèces étaient systématiquement positivement corrélés avec la biomasse épigée entre les contrôles et pour toutes les manipulations. En outre, ces mêmes espèces étaient stables spatialement sur l'ensemble des parcelles de terrain réchauffées à titre expérimental. La théorie d'homéos-tasie stoechiométrique a eu...

show abstract

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric homeostasis: a test to predict tundra vascular plant species and community-level responses to climate change

Zamin

Grogan

2017

Arctic Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Before defoliation, trees essentially translocate (i.e., reabsorb) nutrients (i.e., essential elements) from senescent leaves to the tree body or newly developed portions prior to shedding their leaves irrespective of the leaf habit [5,6]. The translocated nutrient is recycled to develop new leaves and other parts.…”

Section: Translocation Of Essential Elements In Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the extended leaf longevities of evergreen species appear to be better than the yearly defoliation of deciduous species. The direct delivery of nutrients from senescent leaves to newly developing parts in evergreen species diminishes the chances of nutritional loss and ensures the growth more efficiently [5,[7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Translocation Of Essential Elements In Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Ecology and Radiocesium Contamination in Trees/Forests

Yoshihara¹

2017

Plant Ecology - Traditional Approaches to Recent Trends

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonessential elements enter/accumulate in trees at certain ratios via the same uptake/ translocation systems as essential elements. This phenomenon may not only damage the ecosystem but also result in human health problems. As one such nonessential element, the fate of radiocesium in trees has been extensively studied after the nuclear accident at Fukushima in 2011. Here, to better our understanding of the fate of radiocesium in nature and contribute to plan countermeasures, a review based on recent data for the Fukushima accident will be explicated with historical experiences of the global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, and many laboratory studies. In particular, the effects of specific leaf ecology (deciduous and evergreen), types of radiocesium exposure (dry/wet depositions or root uptake), and decomposition of litter on the fate of radiocesium will be precisely described with a specific uptake/translocation system of potassium, which can be recognized as the most possible entrance of radiocesium into trees.

show abstract

“…Observational studies and fecal analysis of Rangifer in Alaska have indicated that 45%-50% of spring and summer forage consists of deciduous shrubs, including willow and birch species, while the remainder of the diet predominantly consists of forbs, grasses, sedges, and lichens (Trudell and White 1981;Boertje 1984;Russell et al 1993). The quality of forage available to caribou varies over the summer as plants undergo both structural and chemical changes from emergence to senescence (Chapin et al 1980). Increasing concentrations of structural compounds (e.g., fiber) and plant secondary metabolites (e.g., tannins and phenolic residues; Kuropat 1984;Chapin et al 1986) reduce digestible concentrations of energy and protein in the plant, while total biomass increases with vegetative growth (Johnstone et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional implications of increased shrub cover for caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in the Arctic

Thompson

Barboza

2014

Can. J. Zool.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shrubs are increasing in the annual range of arctic caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)), but it is unknown how much summer browse caribou could consume. We measured instantaneous intakes of resin birch (Betula glandulosa Michx.) and feltleaf willow (Salix alaxensis (Andersson) Coville) by caribou during summer. Daily intake of a formulated diet without toxins was measured during the same period to monitor appetite. Caribou appetite increased from 64.1 to 86.7 g DM·kg -0.75 ·day −1 as animals gained body mass from 96.8 to 113.5 kg. We estimated that caribou required 645 kJ·kg -0.75 ·day −1 of digestible energy to maintain body mass and 1113 kJ·kg -0.75 ·day −1 to gain body mass for autumn reproduction. Caribou had the same bite mass (9.7 mg·bite −1 ·kg -0.75 ) and instantaneous intake rate (0.17 g DM·min −1 ·kg -0.75 ) on both forages; however, birch contained more phenols (3.3% vs. 1.5%) and less available protein (6.2% vs. 10.2%) than willow. A 100 kg female caribou would need to consume 2.4-8.7 kg of fresh browse, requiring 3.1-8.5 h·day −1 of eating time to meet daily energy requirements. Birch is unlikely to provide enough nitrogen for maintenance of body protein. Therefore, caribou may depend on abundance and diversity of plants to offset toxin loads and low protein intake from shrubs during summer.Résumé : Si les arbustes gagnent en importance dans l'aire de répartition annuelle du caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)), la quantité de brout estival pouvant être consommée par les caribous n'est pas connue. Nous avons mesuré l'ingestion instantanée de bouleau glanduleux (Betula glandulosa Michx.) et de saule feutré (Salix alaxensis (Andersson) Coville) par les caribous durant l'été. L'ingestion quotidienne d'un régime préparé exempt de toxine a été mesurée durant la même période afin de suivre l'évolution de l'appétit. L'appétit des caribous est passé de 64,1 à 86,7 g MS·kg -0,75 ·jour -1 parallèlement à une augmentation du poids des animaux de 96,8 à 113,5 kg. Nous avons estimé que les caribous avaient besoin de 645 kJ·kg -0,75 ·jour -1 d'énergie digestible pour maintenir leur masse corporelle et 1113 kJ·kg -0,75 ·jour -1 pour accroître leur masse corporelle en vue de la reproduction automnale. Si la masse des coups de mâchoires (9,7 mg·coup -1 ·kg -0,75 ) et le taux d'ingestion instantanée (0,17 g MS·min -1 ·kg -0,75 ) étaient les mêmes pour les deux types de nourriture, le bouleau contenait plus de phénols (3,3 % contre 1,5 %) et moins de protéines disponibles (6,2 % contre 10,2 %) que le saule. Une femelle caribou de 100 kg devrait consommer de 2,4 à 8,7 kg de brout frais, nécessitant de 3,1 à 8,5 h·jour -1 de temps d'alimentation pour répondre à ses besoins énergétiques quotidiens. Il est peu probable que le bouleau fournisse d'azote en quantité suffisante pour le maintien des protéines corporelles. Aussi, les caribous pourraient dépendre d'une abondance et d'une variété de plantes pour contrer les charges de toxines et compenser la faible ingestion de protéines tirées d'arbustes durant l'été. [Tradu...

show abstract

Seasonal Movement of Nutrients in Plants of Differing Growth Form in an Alaskan Tundra Ecosystem: Implications for Herbivory

Cited by 322 publications

References 38 publications

Stoichiometric homeostasis: a test to predict tundra vascular plant species and community-level responses to climate change

Stoichiometric homeostasis: a test to predict tundra vascular plant species and community-level responses to climate change

Leaf Ecology and Radiocesium Contamination in Trees/Forests

Nutritional implications of increased shrub cover for caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in the Arctic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About