Seasonal migration by a large forest ungulate: a study on takin (Budorcas taxicolor) in Sichuan Province, China

Guan, Tian-Pei; Ge, Bao-Ming; McShea, William J.; Sheng, Li; Song, Yanfang; Stewart, Chad M.

doi:10.1007/s10344-012-0650-2

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The majority of previous takin activity studies have focused on a single individual’s seasonal migration ( Guan et al, 2013 ). Information on golden takin daily activity patterns were limited to direct observation ( Zeng et al, 2001a ) or ex situ populations ( Chen et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, only a limited number of species are amenable to direct, field-based observation ( Bridges & Noss, 2011 ). Tag-based approaches are invasive and can be applied to only a small sample size, which may not be representive of the population at large ( Guan et al, 2013 ; Rowcliffe et al, 2014 ). An alternative method is the placement of sensors within the animals’ environment, rather than on the animal itself, as is done with camera trapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the known key threats for the species are being mitigated, and populations are beginning to increase ( Yuan & Sun, 2007 ). To date, previous behavioral studies of the species have included home range size (25–98 km 2 ; Guan et al, 2015 ), feeding type (grazing on non-woody grasses, forbs and bamboo leaves; Schaller et al, 1986 ; Zeng et al, 2001a ; Zeng et al, 2001b ), the time of licking salt (usually occurs at 06:30–08:00 and 19:00–20:00; Ge & Hu, 1988 ), determination of rutting season (occurs in summer and calves are born in winter; Wang et al, 2006 ), diurnal activity rhythms and time budgets ( Zeng & Song, 2001 ; Chen et al, 2007 ; Powell et al, 2013 ), and seasonal migrations (found to be along altitudinal gradients; ( Guan et al, 2013 ). However, the majority of past takin behavioral studies have monitored over only relatively short time periods (e.g., a single season), and data on seasonal and diel activity patterns are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping

Xue

Dong

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Understanding animals’ migration, distribution and activity patterns is vital for the development of effective conservation action plans; however, such data for many species are lacking. In this study, we used camera trapping to document the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) in Changqing National Nature Reserve in the Qinling mountains, China, from April 2014 to October 2017. Our study obtained 3,323 independent detections (from a total of 12,351 detections) during a total camera trapping effort of 93,606 effective camera trap days at 573 sites. Results showed that: (1) the golden takin’s utilization distributions showed seasonal variation, with larger utilization distributions during spring and autumn compared to summer and winter; (2) the species was recorded at the highest elevations in July, and lowest elevations in December, with the species moving to higher-elevations in summer, lower-elevations in spring and autumn; (3) during all four seasons, golden takins showed bimodal activity peaks at dawn and dusk, with activity intensity higher in the second peak than the first, and overall low levels of activity recorded from 20:00–06:00; and (4) there were two annual activity peaks, the first being in April and the second in November, with camera capture rate during these two months higher than in other months, and activity levels in spring and autumn higher than in summer and winter. This study is the first application of camera traps to assess the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins at a population level. Our findings suggest that the proposed national park should be designed to include golden takin habitat and that ongoing consistent monitoring efforts will be crucial to mitigating novel and ongoing threats to the species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping

Xue

Dong

et al. 2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the known key threats for the species are being mitigated, and populations are beginning to increase (Yuan & Sun, 2007). To date, previous behavioral studies of the species have included home range size (25-98 km 2 ; Guan et al, 2015), feeding type (grazing on non-woody grasses, forbs and bamboo leaves; Schaller et al, 1986;Zeng et al, 2001aZeng et al, , 2001b, the time of licking salt (usually occurs at 06:30-08:00 and 19:00-20:00; Ge and Hu, 1988), determination of rutting season (occurs in summer and calves are born in winter; Wang et al, 2006), diurnal activity rhythms and time budgets (Zeng et al, 2001;Chen et al, 2007;Powell et al, 2013), and seasonal migrations (found to be along altitudinal gradients; Guan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping (v0.3)"

2020

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Understanding animals' migration, distribution and activity pattern is vital for the development of effective conservation action plans; however, such data for many species are lacking. In this study, we used camera trapping to document the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) in Changqing National Nature Reserve in the Qinling mountains, China, from April 2014 to October 2017. Our study obtained 3,323 independent detections (from a total of 12,351 detections) during a total camera trapping effort of 93,606 effective camera trap days at 573 sites. Results showed that: (1) the golden takin's utilization distributions showed seasonal variation, with larger utilization distributions during spring and autumn compared to summer and winter; (2) the species was recorded at the highest elevations in July, and lowest elevations in December, with the species moving to higher-elevations in summer, lower-elevations in spring and autumn; (3) during all four seasons, golden takins showed bimodal activity peaks at dawn and dusk, with activity intensity higher in the second peak than the first, and overall low levels of activity recorded from 20:00-06:00; and (4) there were two annual activity peaks, the first being in April and the second in November, with camera capture rate during these two months higher than in other months, and activity levels in spring and autumn higher than in summer and winter. This study is the first application of camera traps to assess the spatial and temporal activity patterns of golden takins at a population level. Our findings suggest that the proposed national park should be designed to include golden takin habitat and that ongoing consistent monitoring efforts will be crucial to mitigating novel and ongoing threats to the species.

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“…The takin (Budorcase tibetanus ) is a rare species of ungulate found only in Asia, distribute along the south and east edge of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, including India, Myanmar and Bhutan. Due to poaching, deforest and habitat isolation, takin are considered as vulnerable by IUCN and listed in appendix II of Red list (Guan et al,2013), top level of national protected wildlife of China (Jiang et al,2016). Due to its massive body size and group-living behavior, takin were once the most frequently poached mammal within its range, leading to drastic declines in their populations and distribution in the last century (Wu et al,1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for IUCN species distribution update - the case from a large threaten ungulate in Southwest China

Guan

Owens

Yang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Species distributions are one of the fundamental factors needed for understanding and conserving wildlife. While the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the primary applied reference for biodiversity conservation, limitations in data availability and analyses of the distributions of some species may limit accurate threat classification assessments and conservation recommendations. Improving the accuracy of species distributions in light of growing data and analytical methods is a key step to increasing the efficacy of the Red List. In this study, we reassessed the distribution of takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana), a large ungulate in Sichuan Province, southwest China , classified by the IUCN as vulnerable. Using species distribution models and reported habitat requirements, we updated the takin distribution map. Our updated distribution range in the study area (79,449km2) was 61.31% of current distribution range (CDR) on the IUCN red list. This reduction was in large part due to the inclusion in the CDR of substantial areas of lowland plains, high human disturbance, and non-forest habitat, which provide no suitable habitat for takin. According to our results, suitable takin habitat covered 18.97% of the CDR, suggesting a substantially over-estimated distribution. However, there are high proportions of habitat (40%) still covered by the nature reserve network, indicating the importance of protected areas (PAs) in conservation threaten species. We recommend that experts apply the basic approach presented herein to update the Red List distributions for more species to increase the accuracy of assessments and resulting conservation applications.

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Seasonal migration by a large forest ungulate: a study on takin (Budorcas taxicolor) in Sichuan Province, China

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping

Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping

Peer Review #1 of "Spatial and temporal activity patterns of Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded by camera trapping (v0.3)"

The need for IUCN species distribution update - the case from a large threaten ungulate in Southwest China

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