Seasonal influenza vaccines differentially activate and modulate toll-like receptor expression within the tumor microenvironment
Kajal H. Gupta,
Eileena F. Giurini,
Andrew Zloza
Abstract:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-known for their role in cancer development as well as in directing anti-tumor immunity. Because TLRs have also been implicated in the innate recognition of the influenza virus, it was of great interest to investigate the potential TLRs’ contribution to the reduction in tumor growth following intratumoral injection of an unadjuvanted influenza vaccine and the lack of antitumor response from an adjuvanted vaccine. In our previous publication, we showed that the unadjuvanted fl… Show more
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