Seasonal Influenza and Prevention

Sharifi-Mood, Batool; Mood, Farnoosh Sharifi; Sharifi, Roshanak

doi:10.17795/iji-35954

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…However, effectiveness of influenza vaccination decreases with age, leaving older adults exposed to an increased risk of influenza infection [1]. In older adults, influenza infection more often leads to disease-related hospitalization, complications and mortality [17, 19–21]. Influenza vaccines are primarily focused on eliciting a strain-specific antibody response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Berg

Warmink

Borghans

et al. 2019

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is thought to accelerate aging of the immune system. With age, influenza vaccine responses are impaired. Although several studies investigated the effect of CMV infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccination, this led to contradicting conclusions. Therefore, we investigated the relation between CMV infection and the antibody response to influenza vaccination by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies on the antibody response to influenza vaccination in association with CMV infection were included ( n = 17). The following outcome variables were extracted: (a) the geometric mean titer pre-/post-vaccination ratio (GMR) per CMV serostatus group, and in addition (b) the percentage of subjects with a response per CMV serostatus group and (c) the association between influenza- and CMV-specific antibody titers. The influenza-specific GMR revealed no clear evidence for an effect of CMV seropositivity on the influenza vaccine response in young or old individuals. Meta-analysis of the response rate to influenza vaccination showed a non-significant trend towards a negative effect of CMV seropositivity. However, funnel plot analysis suggests that this is a consequence of publication bias. A weak negative association between CMV antibody titers and influenza antibody titers was reported in several studies, but associations could not be analyzed systematically due to the variety of outcome variables. In conclusion, by systematically integrating the available studies, we show that there is no unequivocal evidence that latent CMV infection affects the influenza antibody response to vaccination. Further studies, including the level of CMV antibodies, are required to settle on the potential influence of latent CMV infection on the influenza vaccine response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00430-019-00602-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Berg

Warmink

Borghans

et al. 2019

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…Death can result either from a viral infection or a bacterial superinfection, especially in high-risk patients. Even though these viral diseases are self-limited, they can cause a variety of complications in children, the elderly, pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and those with chronic renal disease, heart failure, or asthma (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Respiratory Viruses Among Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Mood

Tabatabaei

Sharifi-Mood

et al. 2019

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Acute viral respiratory diseases are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Viral respiratory infections are the main reasons for hospitalization and death in developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and clinical symptoms of the respiratory viruses including influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus type A and B (RSV-A and RSV-B), human parainfluenza virus type 1 to 4 (HPIV-1-4) among patients with Influenza-like illness (ILI) in Zahedan City, Southeastern Iran from October 2015 to March 2016. Methods: Clinical and epidemiological data from patients who presented to outpatient clinics with ILI from October 2015 to March 2016 in Zahedan were collected. A total of 240 throat swabs were tested for Influenza virus by RT-PCR, and then those with negative results were tested for RSV-A, RSV-B, and HPIV type 1-4 using Multiplex-PCR. Results: Among 240 patients, 115 (47.9%) were male and 125 (52.1%) were female. Influenza A virus was detected in 196 (81.7%) patients, out of them 157 (65.4%) had H1N1 subtype and the remaining patients had H3N2 subtype. Influenza B virus was observed in 9 (3.8%) patients. Respiratory syncytial virus type A and B, and human parainfluenza virus type 1 to 4 were not detected in this study. The highest rate of influenza A infection was in the age range of 16-45 years old and for influenza B was in the age group of more than 46 years. The most common clinical manifestations in both influenzas A and B were fever, cough, and myalgia. Over half of the patients with influenza B had dyspnea compared to 30% of ILI patients with influenza A virus infection. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed the highest rate of Influenza A infection with H1N1 subtype among patients presented to the outpatient clinics with the clinical manifestations of influenza-like illness. This study suggests continuing surveillance, infection control, and annual vaccination for Influenza.

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Seasonal Influenza and Prevention

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of latent cytomegalovirus infection on the antibody response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Prevalence of Respiratory Viruses Among Patients with Influenza-Like Illness in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

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