Seasonal hydrogen storage in a depleted oil and gas field

Hydrogen Relative Permeability Hysteresis in Underground Storage

“…Relative permeability is a crucial input parameter for the UHS numerical modeling at field scale (Kanaani et al., 2022; Lysyy et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022). Laboratory gas‐water relative permeability curves often have low endpoint gas saturations (<65%) and relative permeabilities (<40%) due to the rock heterogeneity, capillary end effects, gravity segregation, and/or maximum experimental capillary pressure (Krevor et al., 2012; Muller, 2011).…”

“…In particular, relative permeability hysteresis has not been addressed, although its impact has been previously assessed for UGS and CO 2 storage (Colonna et al, 1972;Juanes et al, 2006). The cyclic nature of the UHS suggests that distinct relative permeability functions must be implemented for hydrogen injection (drainage) and withdrawal (imbibition).Relative permeability is a crucial input parameter for the UHS numerical modeling at field scale (Kanaani et al, 2022;Lysyy et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022). Laboratory gas-water relative permeability curves often have low endpoint gas saturations (<65%) and relative permeabilities (<40%) due to the rock heterogeneity, capillary end effects, gravity segregation, and/or maximum experimental capillary pressure (Krevor et al, 2012;Muller, 2011).…”

Mini Review on Wettability in the Methane–Liquid–Rock System at Reservoir Conditions: Implications for Gas Recovery and Geo-Storage

“…Shale gas and coalbed methane (mainly consisting of CH 4 , also referred to as natural gas) resources have received increasing interest during the past decades because of their large reserves and low carbon emissions. − With the advanced development in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, commercial gas production from shale and coalbed formations have become possible, and CH 4 is playing an increasingly important role in energy systems around the world. − Usually, the extracted CH 4 is mainly used to generate heat and electricity, while its demand closely depends on season and daytime. − It is thus necessary to store excess gas somewhere (e.g., in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, due to the large storage space and high containment security − ) at off-peak periods and withdrawn again at peak periods in order to balance gas supply and demand.…”

Impact of Dilation and Irreversible Compaction on Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

“…Several types of hydrogen storage are being considered, including porous rocks (depleted natural gas and oil reserves and aquifers) and artificial underground spaces (salt caverns and disused mine workings) . In addition to their known geological structure, the intact compactness and integrity of the source rocks, and the preexistence of surface facilities, the depleted hydrocarbon reserves are the best choice for large-scale UHS. − Also, there are many similarities between underground hydrogen storage and underground natural gas storage (UGS). , Therefore, a UHS project can often benefit from the lessons from UGS projects in terms of storage site selection, storage techniques, monitoring, and even the number and composition of injection/withdrawal cycles. The UHS process is also impacted by risks that threaten the quality of UGS operations.…”

“…However, the impact of geomechanics on the quality and quantity of UHS operations in depleted reservoirs has not been studied like some other parameters, such as wettability − and interfacial tension . Studies of underground hydrogen gas storage in depleted reservoirs and saline aquifers have focused more on modeling fluid dynamics in porous media. ,,− Depleted gas reservoirs for underground hydrogen storage have attracted more attention. However, depleted oil reservoirs should not be neglected for hydrogen storage due to their wide distribution around the world and high storage capacity.…”