Seasonal fluctuation of parasitic infestation in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Oodi village, Kgatleng District, Botswana : short communication

Mushi, E.Z.; Binta, M.G.; Chabo, R.G.; Monnafela, L.

doi:10.4102/jsava.v74i1.496

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This study was conducted during a single seasonal period from late autumn into winter, when nighttime temperatures were cold and there was little rainfall. Previous studies in several African countries (Ayele 2006;Fikru et al 2005;Yoseph et al 2005;Mushi et al 2003) indicate that such conditions tend to be associated with lower prevalence and intensity of helminth infection, so the estimates reported here are likely to be higher in the warm and humid summer season. A study by Getachew et al (2008b) which looked at FEC in horses over a period of 2 years in Ethiopia confirmed that counts were highest in the long rainy season as compared to the dry season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in Lesotho

Upjohn

Shipton

Lerotholi³

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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This study aimed to (1) estimate infection prevalence of strongyle, Oxyuris equi and Parascaris equorum species and the intensity of infection with strongyles in working horses in lowland Lesotho and (2) investigate associations between infection and horse age, sex and owner-reported use of anthelmintics. In a cross-sectional survey, fresh faecal samples were obtained from 305 randomly selected horses and worm egg counts performed using a validated field laboratory kit. Details of anthelmintic use were collected using a standardised face-to-face owner questionnaire. Infection prevalence estimates for each species were calculated, as were infection intensity estimates for strongyle species. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between exposure variables and infection status/intensity. Prevalence of strongyle infection was 88.2%; 11.8% of horses were not infected and infection intensity was low (1-500 eggs per gram (epg)) in 19.7%, medium (501-1,000 epg) in 19.7%) and high (>1,001 epg) in 48.8%. Decreasing strongyle infection intensity was associated with the use of proprietary equine anthelmintic products (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.11-0.30, p<0.0001). Prevalence of O. equi infection was 6.2%; the odds of infection with this parasite decreased with increasing horse age (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.72-0.97, p = 0.02). P. equorum infection prevalence was 21.6%; no statistically significant associations with the investigated exposure variables were found. In conclusion, strongyle infection is endemic in working horses in lowland Lesotho, but proprietary equine anthelmintics assist in managing infection. The apparent lack of age-acquired immunity to P. equorum infection may deserve further investigation. Although O. equi infection is less widespread, measures to protect younger animals may be appropriate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in Lesotho

Upjohn

Shipton

Lerotholi³

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Despite the long association between horses, donkeys and humans in South Africa, it is strange that so little attention has been paid to the ixodid ticks with which they are infested. With the exception of surveys on the ticks that infest donkeys in Botswana (Mushi et al 2003 ) and donkeys and horses in Ethiopia (Ferede et al 2010 ; Kumsa et al 2012 ), there are no comprehensive studies on the ticks that infest these animals in sub-Saharan Africa. The data that are available are fragmented in that they generally have to be garnered from publications or surveys in which horses and donkeys as well as other animals were examined for ticks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mushi et al ( 2003 ) collected A. hebraeum, Hyalomma sp. and R. evertsi evertsi from 12 donkeys examined at monthly intervals over a period of 7 months in their study devoted to the parasites of donkeys in the Kgatleng District, Botswana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys

Horak

Heyne

Halajian

et al. 2017

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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The aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in South Africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. Ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in Limpopo Province, 2 in Gauteng Province and 1 in North West province. All the ticks were identified by means of a stereoscopic microscope. Horses were infested with 17 tick species, 72.1% with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 19.4% with Amblyomma hebraeum and 15.6% with Rhipicephalus decoloratus. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was recovered from horses in all nine provinces of South Africa and R. decoloratus in eight provinces. Donkeys were infested with eight tick species, and 81.6% were infested with R. evertsi evertsi, 23.7% with A. hebraeum and 10.5% with R. decoloratus. Several tick species collected from the horses and donkeys are the vectors of economically important diseases of livestock. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is the vector of Theileria equi, the causative organism of equine piroplasmosis. It also transmits Anaplasma marginale, the causative organism of anaplasmosis in cattle. Amblyomma hebraeum is the vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative organism of heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats, whereas R. decoloratus transmits Babesia bigemina, the causative organism of babesiosis in cattle.

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“…Studies on endoparasites including haemoprotozoa in working donkeys across several countries of the world have disclosed the involvement of several species (Sotiraki et al, 1997;Wells et al, 1998;Matthee et al, 2002;Mushi et al, 2003;Uslu and Guclu, 2007;Sumbria et al, 2015). These investigations have revealed that in developing countries where nutrition and hygiene are generally poor, GI parasites are highly prevalent and are the major problems of donkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and species of major gastrointestinal parasites of donkeys in Tenta Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Getahun¹,

Kassa²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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A cross sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to May 2015 in Tenta Woreda, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia to identify the species and determine the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of donkeys. A total of 300 fecal samples were collected from randomly selected donkeys and examined with flotation, sedimentation, McMaster and Baerman fecal examination techniques. The overall prevalence was found to be 72.33. The major GI parasites identified based on qualitative faecal examination techniques were Strongyles spp. (57.2%), Parascaris equorum (11.2%), Strongyloides spp. (10.4%), Gastrodiscus aegypticus (5.1%), Oxyrus equi (2.7%), Fasciola spp. (2.0%) and Anoplocephal spp. (2.6%). The prevalence in female and male animals was 58.5 and 41.5%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) for the prevalence and mean epg count of strongyles and P. equorum among different age groups. Accordingly, the prevalence as well as mean epg count was higher in young than adults and old age groups. Further analysis of positive samples using coproculture revealed the occurrence of Strongylus vulgaris (27.7%), Strongylus edentates (16.6%), Strongylus equinus (4.8%), P. equorum (11.2%), Trichostrongylus axei (8.3%) Strongyloides westeri (9.5%), Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (7.5%), Oxyuris equi (6.5%) and Triodonthophorus tencollis (1.3%). There was concurrent infection of donkeys with a maximum of two different GI parasites with prevalence of 33.48%. The findings of the present study clearly suggest that GI parasites of donkeys in the study area are still widespread and economically important constraints for the productivity and use of donkeys in rural towns. Hence, further and strengthened intervention is highly recommended taking into account the importance of these animals to the economy.

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Seasonal fluctuation of parasitic infestation in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Oodi village, Kgatleng District, Botswana : short communication

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in Lesotho

Coprological prevalence and intensity of helminth infection in working horses in Lesotho

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys

Prevalence and species of major gastrointestinal parasites of donkeys in Tenta Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

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