Seasonal evapotranspiration signatures under a changing landscape and ecosystem management in Nigeria: Implications for agriculture and food security

Chineke, Theo Chidiezie; Idinoba, Monica

doi:10.5251/ajsir.2011.2.2.191.204

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar patterns of discharge increase in the Niger basin due to rainfall increase was reported by Roudier et al [2]. This will aggravate the current problematic flooding in the region [26,59] which was already attributed to increasing rainfall trends and reduced infiltration due to replacement of natural (permeable) surfaces by man-made (impermeable) surfaces [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Rapid forest disappearance or deterioration, especially due to population pressures and non-sustainable resource utilization [8], poses great challenge to land surface schemes of global climate model (GCM) and regional climate model (RCM). Consequently GCM projections in West Africa are accrued with different biases relative to regional observations and no coherent rainfall trend emerges from GCM products [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa

Oyerinde

Hountondji

Lawin

et al. 2017

Climate

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Climate simulations in West Africa have been attributed with large uncertainties. Global climate projections are not consistent with changes in observations at the regional or local level of the Niger basin, making management of hydrological projects in the basin uncertain. This study evaluates the potential of using the quantile mapping bias correction to improve the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) outputs for use in hydrological impact studies. Rainfall and temperature projections from 8 CMIP5 Global Climate Models (GCM) were bias corrected using the quantile mapping approach. Impacts of climate change was evaluated with bias corrected rainfall, temperature and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The IHACRES hydrological model was adapted to the Niger basin and used to simulate impacts of climate change on discharge under present and future conditions. Bias correction with quantile mapping significantly improved the accuracy of rainfall and temperature simulations compared to observations. The mean of six efficiency coefficients used for monthly rainfall comparisons of 8 GCMs to the observed ranged from 0.69 to 0.91 and 0.84 to 0.96 before and after bias correction, respectively. The range of the standard deviations of the efficiency coefficients among the 8 GCMs rainfall data were significantly reduced from 0.05–0.14 (before bias correction) to 0.01–0.03 (after bias correction). Increasing annual rainfall, temperature, PET and river discharge were projected for most of the GCMs used in this study under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. These results will help improving projections and contribute to the development of sustainable climate change adaptation strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa

Oyerinde

Hountondji

Lawin

et al. 2017

Climate

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“…The State is located in the rainforest agro-ecological region of Nigeria and shares common boundaries with Abia State on the east and northeast, Rivers State on the south, and Anambra State on the west and northwest (Imo State Agricultural Development Project (Imo-ADP, 2013). The State lies between Latitudes 5°45 1 and 6°35 1 North of the equator and Longitudes 6°35 1 and 7°28 1 East of the Greenwich Meridian (Chineke et al, 2011). It occupies the area between the lower River Niger and the upper and middle Imo River (Imo-ADP, 2013 (NBS), 2007) and population density of about 725km 2 (Imo-ADP, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Allocative Efficiency of Cassava Farms in Imo State, Nigeria

2019

JESD

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In Nigeria and particularly in Imo State, cassava is one of the mostly cultivated and useful root crop. These crop not only contribute to the share of agriculture in national economy, but possess a great potential and comparative advantage to compete in the liberalized economy. Despite all these potentials of cassava, empirical studies on the allocative efficiencies of cassava farmers in Imo State, have not been fully and systematically documented. On the other hand, most empirical studies on cassava have focused mainly on participation and level of adoption of cassava improved technologies. It is on this backdrop that the study was undertaken. Specifically, the study described the socioeconomic characteristics of cassava farmers in the study area and allocative efficiency of cassava farmers in the study area and Multistage random sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Sample size comprised ninety (90) cassava farmers. Well structured questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools, and stochastic frontier production model and cost function. Result show that the mean age was 47.00 years. Greater proportions (73.33%) were female. Majority (76.67%) were married with an average household size of 6 persons. The mean educational level and farming experience were secondary and 28years respectively. Average farm size and annual farm income were 1.42ha and N500,500.00 respectively. Reasonable proportions (81.11%) were members of cooperative society. The estimated gamma (γ) parameter of stochastic frontier production function showed that about 82.7% variation in output among cassava farmers in the study area was due to differences in relative efficiency. The return to scale (RtS) was 0.549 in the study area. This indicates a positive decreasing return to scale and that cassava production was in stage II of the production region where resources and production were believed to be efficient. The mean allocative efficiency was 0.860. The policy implication of these findings is that cassava farmers in the study area were efficient in allocating their resources considering their scope of operation and the limited resources. Result also showed that education, membership of cooperative, extension contact, farming experience and household size were farmers socioeconomic characteristics that have a significant influence on their relative efficiencies. Hence, the second hypothesis was rejected. It was recommended that farmers particularly on their own should judiciously pool productive resources together through strengthened and stable cooperative society group as this would enhance their relative efficiencies in cassava production positively in the area. Moreover, effective agricultural policies and programmes should focus on granting farmers improved access to farm credit as these would enable them increase their production efficiencies positively in the area. Government at all levels should identify genuine cassava farmers and grant them e...

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“…The model has factors like wind speed, solar radiation, etc. The current extremes experienced in rainfall regimes alongside population growth in Nigeria inform the need for improvement in water management to boost food production (Chineke et al, 2011). Water use efficiency requires optimizing and maximizing water use through determining the actual water required by the crops (Rauf and Shittu, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates and Analysis of the Reference Evapotranspiration in Gassol, Taraba State

Ochoche¹,

Odeh²

2019

Nig. J. Env. Sci. & Tech.

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Reference evapotranspiration is very important because it correlates with the amount of water required by crops and also plays very key role in the hydrological cycle. Evaporation is the process of water loss from the earth surface in which temperature effect is significant while transpiration is water loss from plants. Studying evapotranspiration is also important because of the link between climate change and water scarcity. The reference evapotranspiration for Gassol was estimated and analysis done to observe its trend and variation. In this paper, the FAO Penmann-Monteith model was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration for Gassol town located in the Sudan Savannah vegetation belt of Nigeria. The annual monthly estimates show a generally recurring seasonal pattern of variation from 1985 to 1991. January through June had lower ET0 compared to July through December. The time series plot of the ET0 estimates from 1985 to 1991 in monthly renditions gives a cyclical pattern of variability with most of the years showing bimodal peaks. Also, an evenly spread data was presented by the normal distribution curve. The periodogram of the estimated reference evapotranspiration gave a dominant periodicity of 9.33 months cycle. The estimates of and the pattern of variation of the reference evapotranspiration as observed for Gassol in this study will very likely experience a continuous downward trend. For proper irrigation management, January to March and October to December should be properly planned.

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Seasonal evapotranspiration signatures under a changing landscape and ecosystem management in Nigeria: Implications for agriculture and food security

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa

Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa

Understanding the Allocative Efficiency of Cassava Farms in Imo State, Nigeria

Estimates and Analysis of the Reference Evapotranspiration in Gassol, Taraba State

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