Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)

Roth, Terri L.; Armstrong, DT; Barrie, Michael T.; Garell, Della M.; Wildt, David E.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(96)84719-4

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Optimal time for AL in felids appears to be immediately after ovulation onset. There also appear to be rather remarkable differences in ovarian response among felid species to eCG and hCG [5,7,[9][10][11]15]. Some dosages result in an excessive number of unovulated follicles [5,10], whereas others impair ovulation; and both problems appear to be related to inadequate luteal development, which can fail to sustain a pregnancy [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ten females (no. 1,3,5,8,10,11,12,13,14,16) were inseminated once and three females twice (at an interval of 8 mo for female no. 9, 13 mo for female no.…”

Section: Artificial Insemination Of Cheetahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAX: (202) 673-4733; e-mail: nzpahO 11@sivm.si.edu ticularly useful for the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), which have naturally low levels of genetic variation [1,2] and poor reproductive success in zoos [3,4]. To date, we have produced offspring by laparoscopic Al in the cheetah [5], tiger (Panthera tigris) [6], puma (Felis concolor) [7], leopard cat (Felis bengalensis) [8], ocelot (Felis pardalis) [9], clouded leopard [10], and snow leopard (Panthera uncia) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity to Exogenous Gonadotropins for Ovulation Induction and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination in the Cheetah and Clouded Leopard1

Howard¹,

Roth²,

Byers³

et al. 1997

Biology of Reproduction

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Ovarian sensitivity to exogenous gonadotropins was assessed in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) to help optimize artificial insemination (AI). Eighteen female cheetahs were used on 29 occasions and were given i.m. injections of 100, 200, or 400 IU eCG and 100 or 250 IU hCG 80 h later. Twenty-three female clouded leopards were treated i.m. on 27 occasions with 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, or 400 IU eCG followed 80 h later with 75, 140, or 280 IU hCG. Ovaries were examined laparoscopically at 43-48 h after hCG in cheetahs and 39-50 h in clouded leopards. All gonadotropin dosages stimulated ovarian activity in both species, but ovulation success and corpus luteum (CL) morphology varied (p < 0.05) with treatment. For both species, the highest and intermediate eCG dosages resulted in ovulation in a high proportion (72-100%) of females. The lowest eCG dosage, although capable of stimulating follicular development, compromised ovulation and resulted in few (< 26%) postovulatory females. For each species, small CL (2-4-mm diameter) were observed with the highest and lowest eCG dosage, and large CL (5-8-mm diameter) were associated with intermediate eCG dosages. Aged CL (10-12 mm diameter) were observed in 4 of 23 (17.4%) clouded leopards with no prior male exposure, indicating occasional spontaneous ovulation. Nineteen laparoscopic intrauterine AI procedures were performed in eCG/hCG-treated postovulatory cheetahs. Eighteen AI procedures were conducted in eCG/hCG-treated postovulatory clouded leopards. Six of the 13 cheetahs (46%), all in the 200-IU eCG/100-IU hCG group, became pregnant, in contrast to none of the clouded leopards. This study has revealed differences in ovarian activity in two wild felid species as a result of changes in exogenous gonadotropin dosage. Because of this dose-effect response, this comparative approach is necessary to identify a gonadotropin regimen that can mimic "normalcy." Even then, the relatively high AI success in the cheetah compared to the clouded leopard suggests that factors other than ovarian response can dictate the efficiency of assisted reproduction in this taxon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Ten females (no. 1,3,5,8,10,11,12,13,14,16) were inseminated once and three females twice (at an interval of 8 mo for female no. 9, 13 mo for female no.…”

Section: Artificial Insemination Of Cheetahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity to Exogenous Gonadotropins for Ovulation Induction and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination in the Cheetah and Clouded Leopard1

Howard¹,

Roth²,

Byers³

et al. 1997

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Since then, similar protocols have been applied to several nondomestic felid species with the goal of eventually using assisted reproduction to facilitate conserving and managing endangered populations. On numerous occasions, these efforts have been rewarded by the birth of offspring [2][3][4][5][6][7]; however, pregnancies are not consistently produced by AI in most felid species. The cheetah and domestic cat are exceptions, with approximately 50% becoming pregnant after AI [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination on Embryo, Endocrine, and Luteal Characteristics in the Domestic Cat1

Roth

Wolfe

Long

et al. 1997

Biology of Reproduction

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The effects of gonadotropin treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) on embryo quality, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and luteal progesterone content were examined in the domestic cat. These data were compared to similar historical data reported for naturally estrual, mated queens. All queens in this study (n = 32) were treated with eCG followed by 1) natural breeding (eCG-NB), 2) NB and hCG (eCG-NB-hCG), 3) NB and a sham AI procedure (eCG-NB-sham AI), or 4) hCG and actual AI (eCG-hCG-AI). Queens ovulating in response to treatment were ovariohysterectomized, and oviducts and uteri were flushed to collect embryos. Ovarian structures were recorded, corpora lutea (CL) were excised and evaluated for progesterone content, and serum was analyzed for estradiol-17beta and progesterone. Follicle and CL numbers ranged from 0 to 28 and 2 to 42 per cat, respectively, and treatment means did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. Embryos were recovered from oviducts and uterine horns in all treatment groups, and recovery ranged from 60-96%. Mean embryo number per queen ranged from 8.2 +/- 2.6 to 23.2 +/- 3.8 and did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among groups. However, the proportions of unfertilized oocytes were greater (p < 0.05) for groups treated with hCG and/or artificially inseminated, and the proportion of blastocysts produced (31 of 107, 29.0%) was lower (p < 0.05) in the eCG-hCG-AI group than for any other treatment (range, 59 of 116 [50.9%] to 67 of 116 [57.8%]). Not all queens in each group produced good-quality embryos (eCG-NB, 5 of 5; eCG-NB-hCG, 5 of 8; eCG-NB-sham AI, 2 of 5; and eCG-hCG-AI, 3 of 6). Serum progesterone and estradiol-17beta, and total luteal progesterone per ovary did not differ (p > or = 0.05) among treatments. Compared to historical controls (naturally estrual, mated queens), eCG-NB queens produced > 4 times as many good-quality embryos and blastocysts. Similarly, eCG-hCG-AI-treated queens produced > 4 times the number of oocytes and embryos, although a high proportion of these were poor quality and did not develop to blastocysts. Together, these results indicate that queens treated with eCG are capable of consistently producing many good-quality embryos, at least half of which develop to blastocysts in culture. These data support the use of eCG in felids and suggest that other factors are responsible for reduced pregnancy success and small litter sizes following assisted reproduction.

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“…Once species-specific requirements were determined among felids, then eCG/hCG ovulation induction protocols emerged that have allowed successful AI with fresh sperm in the domestic cat and eight wild felid species, including the leopard cat [7,86], tigrina [85,87], ocelot [85,88], clouded leopard [34,59]; snow leopard [97], cheetah [34,50], puma [98], and tiger [71,99] (Table 4).…”

Section: Integrating Results and Summary Of Ai Successes In Felidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches and efficacy of artificial insemination in felids and mustelids

2009

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Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity to Exogenous Gonadotropins for Ovulation Induction and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination in the Cheetah and Clouded Leopard1

Sensitivity to Exogenous Gonadotropins for Ovulation Induction and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination in the Cheetah and Clouded Leopard1

Effects of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination on Embryo, Endocrine, and Luteal Characteristics in the Domestic Cat1

Approaches and efficacy of artificial insemination in felids and mustelids

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