Seasonal dynamics of early life stages of invasive and native ctenophores give clues to invasion and bloom potential in the Baltic Sea

Jaspers, Cornelia; Haraldsson, Matilda; Lombard, Fabien; Bolte, Sören; Kiørboe, Thomas

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt001

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our interpretation is consistent with data on seasonal phenology and size distribution in this area, which demonstrated that only adult animals occurred after blooms in the Western Baltic, and almost no juveniles or larvae of M. leidyi were observed, thus making the Bornholm Basin a sink region (Schaber et al 2011). Further eastward from the Bornholm Basin, no adults or larvae of M. leidyi have been observed (Jaspers et al 2013) and the reasons for this sink situation have been identified as environmental restrictions regarding reproduction and feeding, related to ambient temperatures, salinities and food availability (Jaspers et al 2011, Schaber et al 2011, Lehtiniemi et al 2012. Source-sink dynamics seem to play an important role in population persistence of M. leidyi, and have been described both in the native habitat (Narragansett Bay, Costello et al 2006) and in the invaded range (Sea of Azov, Purcell et al 2001, reviewed in Costello et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Population genetics of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Europe reveal source–sink dynamics and secondary dispersal to the Mediterranean Sea

Bolte¹,

Fuentes²,

Haslob³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Repeated invasions of European waters by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi offer a unique opportunity to study population dynamics and dispersal in gelatinous zooplankton. Here we followed population establishment in 2 recently invaded areas, the North and Baltic Seas, and analysed changes in population structure during a 3 yr interval using 7 highly polymorphic microsatellites comprising 191 alleles. A second goal was to reconstruct routes of recent invasive range expansion into the Mediterranean Sea. During the study period (2008 to 2010), populations in the North Sea and Western Baltic Sea maintained their allelic composition with virtually unchanged levels of genetic diversity and between-population differentiation, demonstrating limited gene flow between the 2 regions and successful reproduction in both areas. In contrast, at the eastern distribution limit in the central Baltic (Bornholm Basin), the same measures fluctuated between years and genetic diversity decreased from 2008 to 2010. In concordance with prior ecological observations, this supports the view that M. leidyi in the central Baltic is a sink population. In the area of recent range expansion (Mediterranean Sea), we observed high population differentiation: pairwise differentiation (F ST ) values between sites in Spain, France and Israel were significant and between 0.04 and 0.16. Despite this differentiation, Bayesian clustering and phylogeographic analysis support the hypothesis that all Mediterranean M. leidyi result from a secondary introduction originating from the Black Sea. Our study contributes to growing evidence that multiple invasions of the same species can vary in their degree of genetic diversity and demonstrates how genetic markers can help to resolve whether gelatinous plankton species form self-sustaining populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Population genetics of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Europe reveal source–sink dynamics and secondary dispersal to the Mediterranean Sea

Bolte¹,

Fuentes²,

Haslob³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This occasional occurrence of M. leidyi in the Kiel Canal indicates that animals do not form self-sustaining populations there. This is likely due to the low salinity, which is below the threshold where M. leidyi do reproduce and multiply [36,39]. The exceptional high salinity observed during the recordings of M. leidyi in the Kiel Canal further indicates that those animals are likely to be seeded from the Kiel Bight via inflow of higher saline waters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

First record of the non-indigenous jellyfish Blackfordia virginica (Mayer, 1910) in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2018

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Marine invasions are of increasing concern for biodiversity conservation worldwide. Gelatinous macrozooplankton contain members, which have become globally invasive, for example the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi or the hydromedusae Blackfordia virginica. B. virginica is characterised by a large salinity tolerance, with a brackish-water habitat preference, and by a metagenic life history strategy with an alternation between sexually reproducing planktonic medusae and asexually reproducing benthic polyps to complete the life cycle. In this study we analysed 8 years of ichthyoplankton survey data (2010-2017) from the Kiel Canal and 14 ichthyoplankton summer surveys in the central Baltic Sea (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). We report the first presence of B. virginica in northern Europe, namely from the southwestern Baltic Sea and the Kiel Canal. In the Kiel Canal, B. virginica was first sporadically sighted in 2014 and 2015 and has developed persistent populations since summer 2016. Changes in size-frequency distributions during summer 2016 indicate active recruitment in the Kiel Canal at salinities between 7 and 13 and temperatures > 14 °C. Close vicinity to and direct connection with the southwestern Baltic Sea, where B. virginica was observed during 2017, indicate that the Baltic Sea and other brackish-water habitats of Northern Europe are at risk for colonisation of this non-indigenous species. Our results highlight that monitoring activities should consider gelatinous macrozooplankton for standard assessments to allow for the detection of non-indigenous species at an early stage of their colonisation.

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“…Zooplankton densities were converted to biomass using conversion factors from Nielsen and Andersen 2002 [35] . A more detailed description of the Multinet sampling can be found in Haraldsson et al 2013 [25] for the 300 µ m net and in Jaspers et al 2013 [36] for the 90 µ m net and genetic analyzes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Diel Vertical Migration in Mnemiopsis leidyi

et al. 2014

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The vertical distribution and migration of plankton organisms may have a large impact on their horizontal dispersal and distribution, and consequently on trophic interactions. In this study we used video-net profiling to describe the fine scale vertical distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Kattegat and Baltic Proper. Potential diel vertical migration was also investigated by frequent filming during a 24-hour cycle at two contrasting locations with respect to salinity stratification. The video profiles revealed a pronounced diel vertical migration at one of the locations. However, only the small and medium size classes migrated, on average 0.85 m h−1, corresponding to a total migration distance of 10 m during 12 h. Larger individuals (with well developed lobes, approx. >27 mm) stay on average in the same depth interval at all times. Biophysical data suggest that migrating individuals likely responded to light, and avoided irradiance levels higher than approx. 10 µmol quanta m−2 s−1. We suggest that strong stratification caused by low surface salinity seemed to prohibit vertical migration.

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Seasonal dynamics of early life stages of invasive and native ctenophores give clues to invasion and bloom potential in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Population genetics of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Europe reveal source–sink dynamics and secondary dispersal to the Mediterranean Sea

Population genetics of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Europe reveal source–sink dynamics and secondary dispersal to the Mediterranean Sea

First record of the non-indigenous jellyfish Blackfordia virginica (Mayer, 1910) in the Baltic Sea

Evidence of Diel Vertical Migration in Mnemiopsis leidyi

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