Seasonal dynamics and optimal diagnostics of <i>Grapevine red blotch virus</i> in a British Columbian vineyard

Kahl, Dieter; Lowery, D. Thomas; Hart, Miranda M.; Úrbez-Torres, J. R.

doi:10.1080/07060661.2021.1993346

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…PCR and HTS results were in complete agreement, except for the GPGV status of three sentinel vines (SSV-2, SSV-13 and SSV-18 (Tables 1 and 2). In previous studies, a false negative PCR result has been attributed to low virus titre, either due to insufficient inoculation time, uneven viral distribution or viral tire variation during the year [44,45]. For many grapevine viruses, PCR tests on cane samples proved to be more sensitive and robust [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Spread of Grapevine Viruses in Vineyards of Contrasting Agronomic Practices: A Metagenomic Investigation

Vu,

McFadden-Smith,

Poojari

2023

Biology

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This study investigated the transmission of grapevine viruses, specifically grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) and grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), in vineyards in Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Forty sentinel vines that were confirmed free of GRBV and GPGV by both high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were introduced to two vineyards (one organic and one conventional) that were heavily infected with both GRBV and GPGV. Four months post-introduction, the sentinel vines were relocated to a phytotron. The HTS results from 15 months post-introduction revealed a widespread infection of GPGV among the sentinel vines but did not detect any GRBV. The GPGV infection rate of sentinel vines in the organic vineyard (13/18) was higher than in the conventional vineyard (1/19). The possibility of an alternative viral reservoir was assessed by testing the most abundant plants in between rows (Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Cirsium arvense and Taraxacum officinale), perennial plants in border areas (Fraxinus americana, Ulmus americana, Rhamnus cathartica) and wild grape (unknown Vitis sp.). The HTS result showed that cover crops and perennial plants did not harbor any grapevine viruses, while 4/5 wild grapes tested positive for GPGV but not GRBV. A pairwise sequence identity analysis revealed high similarities between the GPGV isolates found in the established vines on the vineyard and the newly contracted GPGV isolates in the sentinel vines, implicating a recent transmission event. This work provides novel insights into the spread of grapevine viruses in Niagara Region and is also the first direct proof of the spread of GPGV in natural vineyard conditions in North America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Spread of Grapevine Viruses in Vineyards of Contrasting Agronomic Practices: A Metagenomic Investigation

Vu,

McFadden-Smith,

Poojari

2023

Biology

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“…Additionally, the distribution of GRBV in rootstocks remains poorly characterized. We hypothesize that, similar to grafted vines, GRBV is most reliably detected in older tissue, such as tissue close to the crown of a rootstock vine [ 49 , 50 ]. Such knowledge is imperative to the development of clean, virus-tested rootstocks that are used to produce the grafted planting material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards

Flasco

Cieniewicz

Pethybridge

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) causes red blotch disease and is transmitted by the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus. GRBV isolates belong to a minor phylogenetic clade 1 and a predominant clade 2. Spatiotemporal disease dynamics were monitored in a 1-hectare ‘Merlot’ vineyard planted in California in 2015. Annual surveys first revealed disease onset in 2018 and a 1.6% disease incidence in 2022. Ordinary runs and phylogenetic analyses documented significant aggregation of vines infected with GRBV clade 1 isolates in one corner of the vineyard (Z = −4.99), despite being surrounded by clade 2 isolates. This aggregation of vines harboring isolates from a non-prevalent clade is likely due to infected rootstock material at planting. GRBV clade 1 isolates were predominant in 2018–2019 but displaced by clade 2 isolates in 2021–2022, suggesting an influx of the latter isolates from outside sources. This study is the first report of red blotch disease progress immediately after vineyard establishment. A nearby 1.5-hectare ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard planted in 2008 with clone 4 (CS4) and 169 (CS169) vines was also surveyed. Most CS4 vines that exhibited disease symptoms one-year post-planting, likely due to infected scion material, were aggregated (Z = −1.73). GRBV isolates of both clades were found in the CS4 vines. Disease incidence was only 1.4% in non-infected CS169 vines in 2022 with sporadic infections of isolates from both clades occurring via secondary spread. Through disentangling GRBV infections due to the planting material and S. festinus-mediated transmission, this study illustrated how the primary virus source influences epidemiological dynamics of red blotch disease.

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Seasonal Variation in Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Titer in Relation to Disease Symptom Expression in Vineyards

Flasco,

Hoyle,

Powell

et al. 2024

Phytobiomes Journal

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Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causative agent of red blotch disease. Limited information is available on the seasonal variation of GRBV titer in relation to disease symptom expression in vineyards across the United States. In this study, no statistically significant difference in GRBV titer was found among asymptomatic, infected vines in June (p=0.451) and among symptomatic, infected vines in October (p=0.068) in a diseased ‘Cabernet franc’ vineyard in California, regardless of the years symptomatic, i.e., one to seven, as shown by qPCR. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in GRBV titer as it relates to isolates of the two phylogenetic clades in asymptomatic, infected ‘Cabernet franc’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines in June (p=0.138 and p=0.778, respectively) and in symptomatic, infected vines in October (p=0.806 and p=0.490, respectively). GRBV titer differed among cultivars in diseased California vineyards (p < 0.001) and increased over the course of the growing season in infected ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet franc’ vines, but not in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vines. Patterns observed in California were consistent in New York and Georgia vineyards. In a Geneva double curtain-trellised ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard in Georgia, GRBV distribution was uneven between cordons, and virus titer was variable within the vine canopy in June (p=0.017) but not in October (p=0.107). This work revealed consistent patterns of GRBV titer during a growing season in different vineyards across the United States. It also highlighted relatively high virus titer in symptomless grapevines in June when Spissistilus festinus-mediated GRBV transmission is documented in northern California.

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Seasonal dynamics and optimal diagnostics of Grapevine red blotch virus in a British Columbian vineyard

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Monitoring the Spread of Grapevine Viruses in Vineyards of Contrasting Agronomic Practices: A Metagenomic Investigation

Monitoring the Spread of Grapevine Viruses in Vineyards of Contrasting Agronomic Practices: A Metagenomic Investigation

Distinct Red Blotch Disease Epidemiological Dynamics in Two Nearby Vineyards

Seasonal Variation in Grapevine Red Blotch Virus Titer in Relation to Disease Symptom Expression in Vineyards

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