Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment

Nirengi, Shinsuke; Amagasa, Shiho; Wakui, Sawako; Homma, Toshiyuki; Kurosawa, Yuko; Hamaoka, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1186/s40101-018-0166-x

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…We showed that body fatness parameters were negatively correlated with BAT-d, which is consistent with the results of various studies that used 18 FDG-PET∕CT, regardless of the presence of cold exposure. 6,[14][15][16][17]19,20 Although we should consider the possibility that the BAT-d was affected by subcutaneous fat thickness, 26 the subcutaneous fat thickness in the supraclavicular region is within a very narrow range and has little effect on the measured parameters. For instance, the fat thickness in the supraclavicular region ranged from 0.6 to 2.5 mm when evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probes were placed on the skin of the supraclavicular region that potentially contained BAT, and participants were required to remain in a sitting position during the measurements, as previously described. [23][24][25][26] Compared with visible light wavelengths, NIR wavelengths (700 to 3000 nm) show lesser scattering and, consequently, better penetration into biological tissue. However, light absorption by water limits tissue penetration above the 900-nm wavelength; thus, the 650-to 900-nm range is suitable for measurements.…”

Section: Brown Adipose Tissue Density Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collectively, the NIR TRS method is expected to be suitable for evaluating BAT density (BAT-d) in men and women, which is equivalent to the active BAT intensity or the amount of BAT, as determined by 18 FDG-PET∕CT with cold exposure. [23][24][25][26] As the NIR TRS method was introduced only in 2015, there are no data on the relationship of BAT with age, sex, anthropometrical parameters, and environmental factors. To verify the usefulness of NIR TRS , there is a need to accumulate evidence on analogous data with regards to 18 FDG-PET∕CT with cold exposure.…”

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Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range

et al. 2018

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"Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range," J. Biomed. Opt. 23(6), 065002 (2018), doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.23.6.065002. Abstract. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) along with computed tomography (CT) is a standard method for assessing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. We tested the usefulness of near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR TRS ) as a simple and noninvasive method for evaluating BAT density (BAT-d) by examining the effects of some factors known to influence BAT activity. The total hemoglobin concentration as a parameter of BAT-d was evaluated using NIR TRS in the supraclavicular region in 413 Japanese individuals. The associations were analyzed between BAT-d and sex, age, the percentages of body fat (%BF), visceral fat (VF), and the seasonal ambient temperature (AmT) fluctuations. Age was associated with decreased BAT-d (P < 0.05). There was no sex difference in the BAT-d, except for those in their twenties. Multivariate analyses revealed that %BF and VF were correlated with BAT-d, and the lower AmT (around 4°C or 5°C) for 4 and 6 weeks prior to the measurement day was associated with an increase in the BAT-d. Our NIR TRS results were analogous to those reported with 18 FDG-PET∕CT, indicating the usefulness of NIR TRS . BAT-d might increase during the 4 and 6 weeks after the AmT decreases to lower than 4°C or 5°C. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brown Adipose Tissue Density Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range

et al. 2018

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“…Longitudinal studies revealed that an increase in BAT activity induced by repeated ingestion of thermogenic food ingredients can be detected by an increase in [Total-Hb] [40]. Collectively, [Total-Hb] in the supraclavicular region evaluated by NIR TRS is expected to be suitable for evaluating BAT density (BAT-d) and equivalent to the determination of BAT activity or BAT volume by 18 FDG-PET/CT using cold exposure [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Tanaka

Fuse

Kuroiwa

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.

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“…Among the Yakut, a population that is indigenous to northeastern Siberia, adults with greater BAT thermogenesis expend more energy during acute cold stress (Levy et al, ). Additionally, populations living in temperate zones increase their BAT metabolism in response to repeated cold exposure and exhibit seasonal changes in BAT mass (Nirengi et al, ; van der Lans et al, ). By building on this work, future investigations of BAT may shed light on the evolution of human biological adaptations.…”

Section: Introduction: Why Measure Bat?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory methods for quantifying brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

Lévy

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) is a metabolic response to acute cold exposure that involves the liberation of chemical energy through physiological mechanisms that are separate from muscle shivering. Recent research suggests that the metabolic and endocrine action of brown adipose tissue (BAT) may play an important role in adult human NST. Thus, characterizing variation in BAT across human populations is of central importance to human biologists interested in human energetics and cardio-metabolic health. The gold standard for measuring BAT requires positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT)-a technique that is expensive, exposes the participant to radiation, and is inaccessible to researchers working in many regions. Here, the author outline a noninvasive, portable alternative approach to quantifying BAT that modifies the protocols commonly used in PET/CT studies. The method consists of three components: (a) activating BAT thermogenesis using a mild cooling condition; (b) indirectly quantifying BAT thermogenesis by measuring the change in skin temperature where BAT is commonly stored using infrared thermal imaging; and (c) estimating NST by measuring the change in energy expenditure using open-circuit indirect calorimetry. The development of "field-friendly" methods will allow human biologists to better characterize population variation in BAT as well as its adaptive and health significance.

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Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range

Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range

Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans

Field and laboratory methods for quantifying brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

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