Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (autumn 2015): El Niño arrives

Seasonal climate summary for the southern hemisphere (autumn 2016): El Niño slips into neutral and a negative Indian Ocean Dipole develops

“…After a brief decline during the summer of 2014-15, 5VAR values climbed once more and maintained this trend, strengthening throughout autumn and winter. The 5VAR index moved into El Niño levels in autumn 2015 (Cook, 2016). During the winter and spring of 2015, the 5VAR index values approached near record values before beginning to decline in the summer of 2015-16.…”

Seasonal climate summary southern hemisphere (winter 2015): Mild winter over most of Australia as El Niño strengthens

“…The near El Niño of 2014 can be seen in Figure 2 with more positive values commencing in autumn of 2015 as El Niño finally arrived (Cook 2015). Values of the 5VAR index rose further as the El Niño strengthened through the winter months with increasingly positive values for June, July and August measuring +2.24, +2.48 and +2.60, respectively.…”