Seasonal changes of ingesta mean retention time and forestomach fluid volume in indigenous camels, cattle, sheep and goats grazing a thornbush savannah pasture in Kenya

Lechner‐Doll, Matthias; Rutagwenda, T.; Schwartz, H.J.; Schultka, W.; Engelhardt, W

doi:10.1017/s0021859600075869

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The selective retention of particles in the RR as compared to liquids was always higher in the mouflon (selectivity factor 2.10) than in the roe deer (1.54). The observation that there was no seasonal changes in the selectivity factor in mouflon is in accordance with a similar observation on sheep by Lechner-Doll et al (1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the winter period, two opposing trends influence the ingesta volume in the RR: On the one hand, the lower digestibility of the food -expression of certain structural and chemical characteristics -results in a longer retention time in the RR with an associated increase in RR volume. Such an effect has been observed in African sheep and goats during the dry season (Lechner-Doll et al 1990), and for moose (Gasaway and Coady 1974) and roe deer (Holand 1992) during the winter period. On the other hand, lower metabolism and lower food intake could lead to a reduced RR fill.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflonOvis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deerCapreolus capreolus

et al. 2004

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Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflon ovis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deer capreolus capreolus Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflon ovis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deer capreolus capreolus AbstractFive mouflon (average body mass [BM] 33 kg) and two roe deer (average BM 20 kg) with rumen cannulas were kept in large enclosures under semi-natural conditions and were used for seasonal studies on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) indigestible fill and digesta passage kinetics. As the mouflon were not fully mature, both species had similar digesta volumes in the reticulorumen (RR; mouflon 5.5 ± 1.8% of BM; roe deer 5.4 ± 1.5% of BM); however, the mouflon had lower RR liquid flow rates (15.1 ± 4.3 ml h-1 kg-0.75) than the roe deer (19.2 ± 0.2 ml h-1 kg-0.75), and particle retention in the RR accounted for 68 ± 3% of total GIT retention in the mouflon versus 55 ± 6% in the roe deer. Annual average total GIT retention times for liquids and particles were longer in the mouflon (23.4 ± 0.9 h and 37.9 ± 4.0 h) than in the roe deer (18.4 ± 1.7 h and 22.4 ± 1.9 h). Similarly, annual average RR retention times for liquids and particles were longer in the mouflon (11.9 ± 0.9 h and 25.8 ± 3.3 h) than in the roe deer (8.1 ± 1.7 h and 12.5 ± 2.3 h). The factor of selective particle retention in the RR (retention of particles/retention of liquid) was 2.10 ± 0.09 in the mouflon versus 1.54 ± 0.01 in the roe deer. These observations are in accord with differences in digesta passage characteristics postulated between browsing and grazing ruminants. Total GIT indigestible fill was lower in the mouflon than in the roe deer (10.7 ± 2.1 g kg-1 and 13.3 ± 1.0 g kg-1). As the mouflon were not fully mature, both species had similar digesta volumes in the reticulorumen (RR; mouflon 5.5 ± 1.8% of BM; roe deer 5.4 ± 1.5% of BM); however, the mouflon had lower RR liquid flow rates (15.1 ± 4.3 ml h -1 kg -0.75 ) than the roe deer (19.2 ± 0.2 ml h -1 kg -0.75 ), and particle retention in the RR accounted for 68 ± 3% of total GIT retention in the mouflon versus 55 ± 6% in the roe deer. Annual average total GIT retention times for liquids and particles were longer in the mouflon (23.4 ± 0.9 h and 37.9 ± 4.0 h) than in the roe deer (18.4 ± 1.7 h and 22.4 ± 1.9 h). Similarly, annual average RR retention times for liquids and particles were longer in the mouflon (11.9 ± 0.9 h and 25.8 ± 3.3 h) than in the roe deer (8.1 ± 1.7 h and 12.5 ± 2.3 h). The factor of selective particle retention in the RR (retention of particles/retention of liquid) was 2.10 ± 0.09 in the mouflon versus 1.54 ± 0.01 in the roe deer. These observations are in accord with differences in digesta passage characteristics postulated between browsing and grazing ruminants. Total GIT indigestible fill was lower in the mouflon than in the roe deer (10.7 ± 2.1 g kg -1 and 13.3 ± 1.0 g kg -1 ).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflonOvis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deerCapreolus capreolus

et al. 2004

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“…The mean retention time of the solute marker in the FS (MRT solute FS) was calculated by estimating the rate constant of the descending part of the marker excretion curve using an exponential equation according to Lechner-Doll et al (1990) as where y is faecal marker concentration at time t in mg kg , and t is time after marker application in h. According to Hungate (1966), the reciprocal value of k represents the MRT within the compartment characterised by k. This approach, therefore, assumes that the forestomach is the major mixing compartment in the camelid GIT. Based on the assumption that fluid and particles do not differ in passage characteristics distal to the FS (empirically confirmed in ruminants by Grovum and Williams 1973;Kaske and Groth 1997;Mambrini and Peyraud 1997), MRT particle FS is calculated as…”

Section: Determination Of Solute and Particle Retention Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from species investigated in the present study were tested for normal distribution by applying a Shapiro-Wilk test, based on which we used ANOVAs for comparison of retention times between and within species, followed by pair-wise Tukey HSD post hoc tests. Data from Bactrian camels were compared with literature data from dromedaries (Lechner-Doll et al 1990), by applying unpaired two tailed t-tests. All statistical tests were carried out in R 2.…”

Section: Statistical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, it has been suggested that the sorting mechanism in the FS of camelids is less efficient than in ruminants and that the emptying of the FS is too slow to allow similarly high relative food intakes as those observed in some ruminant species . The retention of solute as well as small and large particle markers has been investigated in camelids (Heller et al 1986a, c;Lechner-Doll et al 1990;Cahill and McBride 1995;von Engelhardt et al 2006b), and a sorting mechanism in the FS, as reflected by longer retention of larger as compared with smaller particles, has been demonstrated (Heller et al 1986a, c;Lechner-Doll et al 1990). So far, comparative studies of retention times in ruminants and camelids are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

Dittmann

Runge²,

Ortmann

et al. 2015

J Comp Physiol B

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The mean retention time (MRT) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the forestomach (FS) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. Besides ruminants, camelids are the only herbivores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physiological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the FS. Differences between camelids and ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. In this study we measured MRTs of solute and differently-sized particles (2, 10, and 20 mm), and the ratio of large-to-small particle MRT, i.e., the selectivity factors (SF10/2mm, SF20/2mm, SF20/10mm), in three camelid species: alpacas (Vicugna pacos), llamas (Llama glama), and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). The camelid data were compared with literature data from ruminants and non-ruminant foregut fermenters (NRFF). Camelids and ruminants both had higher SF10/2mmFS than NRFF, suggesting convergence in the function of the FS sorting mechanism in contrast to NRFF, in which such a sorting mechanism is absent. The SF20/10mmFS did not differ between ruminants and camelids, indicating that there is a particle size threshold of about 1 cm in both suborders above which particle retention is not increased. Camelids did not differ from ruminants in MRT2mmFS, MRTsoluteFS and the ratio MRT2mmFS/MRTsoluteFS, but they were more similar to 'cattle-' than to 'moose-type' ruminants. Camelids had higher SF10/2mmFS and higher SF20/2mmFS than ruminants, indicating a potentially slower particle sorting in camelids than in ruminants, with larger particles being retained longer in relation to small particles. sorting mechanism in contrast to NRFF, in which such a sorting mechanism is absent. The SF 20/10mm FS did not differ between ruminants and camelids, indicating that there is a particle size threshold of about 1 cm in both suborders above which particle retention is not increased. Camelids did not differ from ruminants in MRT 2mm FS, MRT solute FS, and the ratio MRT 2mm FS/MRT solute FS, but they were more similar to 'cattle-' than to 'moose-type' ruminants. Camelids had higher SF 10/2mm FS and higher SF 20/2mm FS than ruminants, indicating a potentially slower particle sorting in camelids than in ruminants, with larger particles being retained longer in relation to small particles.

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The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of digestive strategies of captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)

1998

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Selected aspects of digestion in captive giraffes were investigated in two trials with a type of marker that is new for digestive studies in non‐domestic species. N‐Alkanes were used as internal and external markers. In Trial 1, diet composition, intake, and digestibility were directly measured and estimated with the marker. Six giraffes were dosed once daily for 3 weeks with labeled pellets containing 3,800 ppm of each C28, C32, and C36 alkanes at ˜100 mg/100 kg bodyweight. Intake of cabbage, browse, and a cattle pellet could accurately be estimated with the alkane method. For an oat/wheat mix and clover hay, however, there were large differences between directly measured intakes and those obtained using the alkane method, with the alkane method substantially underestimating. In Trial 2 mean retention times (MRTs) of fluid and particle phase were estimated. Three subadult giraffes were dosed once with cobalt‐ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (Co‐EDTA) (260 mg) and alkanes C29 (140 mg) and C36 (370 mg). The average MRT for the fluid phase (Co‐EDTA) was 31 hr and for the particle phase (alkanes) was 41 hr (C36) and 43 h (C29). This study showed that n‐alkanes have potential as markers for investigating digestive strategies in non‐domestic herbivores. Zoo Biol 17:295–309, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Seasonal changes of ingesta mean retention time and forestomach fluid volume in indigenous camels, cattle, sheep and goats grazing a thornbush savannah pasture in Kenya

Cited by 105 publications

References 19 publications

Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflonOvis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deerCapreolus capreolus

Seasonal faecal excretion, gut fill, liquid and particle marker retention in mouflonOvis ammon musimon, and a comparison with roe deerCapreolus capreolus

Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

The use of dosed and herbage n-alkanes as markers for the determination of digestive strategies of captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)

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