Seasonal changes in the biomechanical properties of Elodea canadensis Michx.

Łoboda, Anna Maria; Bialik, Robert J.; Karpiński, Mikołaj; Przyborowski, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2018.03.006

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The power function was chosen due to monotonicity of the plant diameter data. However, as presented in Equation (3), the plant biomechanics change throughout the life cycle [35,36]. The coefficient a is a function of flexural modulus that, in turn, is dependent on diameter and time (growing season).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, stems of aquatic plants do not have uniform cross-sections or perfect circular shapes ( Figure 3). To simplify the biomechanical measurements, the cross-sectional area of the stem is usually compared to a specific shape with a solid structure [35,36]. However, a plant stem is not a solid material.…”

Section: Theoretical Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, some progress in this area has been made. For example, according to suggestions noted by Schutten et al [37] and Miler et al [34] about the changes in biomechanical properties throughout the life cycle of a plant, seasonal variations of these traits have been investigated throughout the growing season [35,36]. Seasonal changes in biomechanical properties have been proven for selected plant species, i.e., E. canadensis [35] and Potamogeton spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large amount of research has focused on marine plant species such as seagrasses [24][25][26][27] or seaweeds [28][29][30][31]. However, less attention has been given to freshwater macrophytes [19,22,23,[32][33][34][35][36]. Nevertheless, some progress in this area has been made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main objective is to provide a basic model that shows a correlation between the diameter of a stem and its flexural rigidity using examples from three freshwater macrophyte species while focusing on changes in plant biomechanics throughout the vegetative season [35,36]. An additional goal of this paper is to determine whether or not there is any possibility to obtain a formula that may help properly calculate drag forces based on the information available about the phenological state of an aquatic plant, which could be obtained from the biomechanical properties of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

On the Relationship between Aquatic Plant Stem Characteristics and Drag Force: Is a Modeling Application Possible?

Łoboda

Karpiński

Bialik

2018

Water

Self Cite

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This paper presents a basic model that shows the relationship between the diameter of a stem and its flexural rigidity. The model was developed from experimental measurements of biomechanical traits (i.e., tensile and bending traits like maximum forces, stresses, moduli of elasticity, flexural rigidity, strain) of three freshwater macrophyte species (Elodea canadensis Michx., Potamogeton pectinatus L., and P. crispus L.), reflecting the seasonal changes in plant biomechanics throughout the vegetative season. These were obtained with the use of a bench-top testing machine in 2016 and 2017. The presented calculations are based on the ratio of drag-to-bending forces, in which the flexural rigidity plays a key role. The proposed model has the form EI = ad b , and two approaches based on a regression analysis were applied to determine the parameters of the model-a and b. In the first method, the parameters were identified separately for each day of measurement, while in the second method, the coefficient b was calculated for all data from all days as a unified number for individual plants. The results suggest that coefficient b may provide information about the proportion of changes in drag forces depending on plant stiffness. The values of this coefficient were associated with the shape of the stem cross-section. The more circular the cross-section, the closer the value of the parameter was to 1. The parameter values were 1.60 for E. canadensis, 1.98 for P. pectinatus, and 2.46 for P. crispus. Moreover, this value also depended on the density of the cross-section structure. Most of the results showed that with an increase in stem diameter, the ratio between the drag and bending forces decreased, which led to fewer differences between these two forces. The model application may be introduced in many laboratory measurements of flow-biota interactions as well as in aquatic plant management applications. The implementation of these results in control methods for hydrophytes may help in mitigating floods caused by increases to a river channel's resistance due to the occurrence of plants.

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On the Relationship between Aquatic Plant Stem Characteristics and Drag Force: Is a Modeling Application Possible?

Łoboda

Karpiński

Bialik

2018

Water

Self Cite

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Flow field downstream of individual aquatic plants—Experiments in a natural river with Potamogeton crispus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Przyborowski

Łoboda

Bialik

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

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Flow disturbances generated by individual patches of submerged, flexible aquatic vegetation were investigated for two naturally growing macrophyte species, Potamogeton crispus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L., in a sandy lowland river. Through acoustic Doppler velocimetry, 24 vertical profiles of the 3D velocity field were recorded downstream of each of the patches. The morphological features and biomechanical properties of the plants were also evaluated. The experiments showed the relationship between biomechanical characteristics and turbulence statistics. M. spicatum, which was stiffer and therefore less prone to dynamic reconfiguration, showed a greater effect on velocity damping, causing an increase in Reynold stresses, turbulence intensities, and turbulent kinetic energy downstream of the patch. These effects were present in regions both above and below plant height. In contrast for P. crispus, these effects were present only below plant height. The stiffer plant produced a mixing layer in its wake similar to that of dense plant canopies. The patch of less stiff and more streamlined P. crispus with longer leaves presented a much weaker effect on the flow. In contrast to previous studies conducted with rigid plant surrogates, we concluded that reconfiguration of the living flexible plants allows the plants to minimize drag forces, and therefore, their influence on the flow field was weaker than the effects reported for rigid surrogates.

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Interactions between aquatic vegetation, hydraulics and fine sediment: A case study in the Halswell River, New Zealand

Biggs

Haddadchi

Hicks

2021

Hydrological Processes

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This paper contributes a field study of suspended sediment transport through aquatic vegetation. The study was run over a 3 month period which was selected to coincide with scheduled weed cutting activities. This provided the opportunity to obtain data points with no vegetation cover, as well as to investigate the effects of weed cutting on Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC), particle size distributions and river hydraulics. Aquatic vegetation cover was quantified through remote sensing with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and biomass estimated from ground truth sampling. SSC was highly dependent on aquatic vegetation abundance, and the distance upstream that had been cleared of aquatic vegetation. The data indicates that fine sediment was being trapped and stored by aquatic vegetation, then likely remobilised after vegetation removal. Investigation of suspended sediment spatial dynamics illustrated changes in particle size distribution due to preferential settling of coarse particles within aquatic vegetation, for example D50 decreased from 36.08 μm to 15.64 μm after suspended sediment travelled 304.2 m downstream and passed ~3700 kg of aquatic vegetation biomass. Hydraulic resistance in the study reach (parameterized by Manning's n) dropped by over 70% following vegetation cutting. Prior to cutting hydraulic resistance was discharge dependent (likely due to vegetation pronating at higher flows), while post cutting hydraulic resistance was approximately invariant of discharge. Aerial surveying captured interesting changes in aquatic vegetation cover prior to vegetation cutting, where some very dense regions of aquatic vegetation were naturally removed (without any high flow events) leaving behind unvegetated riverbed and fine sediment. The weed cutting boat had a lower impact on SSC than was originally expected, which indicates that it may offer a less damaging solution to aquatic vegetation removal in rivers than some other approaches such as mechanical excavation. This paper contributes valuable field data (which are generally scarce) on the research topic of flow‐vegetation‐sediment interactions, to supplement laboratory and numerical studies.

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Seasonal changes in the biomechanical properties of Elodea canadensis Michx.

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

On the Relationship between Aquatic Plant Stem Characteristics and Drag Force: Is a Modeling Application Possible?

On the Relationship between Aquatic Plant Stem Characteristics and Drag Force: Is a Modeling Application Possible?

Flow field downstream of individual aquatic plants—Experiments in a natural river with Potamogeton crispus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Interactions between aquatic vegetation, hydraulics and fine sediment: A case study in the Halswell River, New Zealand

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