Seasonal Changes in Nitrate Uptake Efficiency in Young Potted Citrus Trees

Martínez‐Alcántara, Belén; Quiñones, Ana; Primo‐Millo, Eduardo; Legaz, Francisco

doi:10.5539/jas.v4n8p11

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The explanation lies in the highest effectiveness of the root system from citrus in taking up the Fe applied in summer in comparison to spring due to two reasons: the higher soil temperatures in summer, which enhances ion uptake [ 43 ], and the greater development of fine roots and canopy in the period between the end of fruit drop and fruit maturity ( Table 1 ). Data are in line with other studies on N in citrus that found increased N uptake during the summer months [ 10 , 23 , 37 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The differences in the enrichment of the various plant organs are consistent with the results obtained in other studies on 57 Fe in citrus and other crops [13,28,30,36] or with other stable isotopes such as 15 N or 44 Ca also in young citrus plants [10,17,26,37,38] and adult plants [20,22,39,40]. In apple, treatment with stable isotope 44 Ca quantified calcium partitioning even at cell level and resulted in significant enrichment in the cell wall of the pericarp through new cross-bridges of Ca-pectates, thereby enhancing fruit strength and delaying fruit degradation and bitter pit development [41,42].…”

Section: Maysupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Conversely, young orange trees of the Newhall and Valencia cultivars labeled with 15 N continuously from March to November, resulted on 75% and 61%, respectively, of the N absorbed from the fertilizer when sampling in December [ 24 , 48 ]. These results reflect that the two nutrients are distributed in a completely different way between the organs of the aerial part and the root system [ 37 ]. Moreover, Fe uptake by roots and, consequently, the Fe available for translocation is mediated by Fe concentration in the plant [ 12 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Fe Uptake of Young Citrus Trees and Its Contribution to the Development of New Organs

Martínez-Cuenca

Martínez‐Alcántara

Millos

et al. 2021

Plants

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This work quantifies Fe uptake in young citrus trees, its partitioning among plant compartments, and the contribution of the Fe absorbed from fertilizer to the development of new tissues. A soil pot experiment was conducted using 4-year-old clementine trees (Citrus clementina Hort ex Tan), and a dose of 240 mg Fe was applied by labeled fertilizer (92% atom 57Fe excess). Plants were uprooted at five different phenologic states: end of flowering (May 15), end of fruit setting and fruit drop (July 1), two fruit growing moments (August 1 and October 15), and at complete fruit maturity (December 10). The Fe accumulated in the root system exceeded 90% of the total Fe content in the plant. All organs progressively enriched with 57Fe (8.5–15.5% and 7.4–9.9% for young and old organs, respectively). Reproductive ones reached the highest increase (111% between May and October). 57Fe enrichment from woody organs reflects an increasing gradient to sink organs. The root system accumulated 80% of the Fe absorbed from the fertilizer, but the young organs accumulated relatively more Fe uptake during flowering and fruit setting (15.6% and 13.8%, respectively) than old organs (around 9.8%). Although iron derived from fertilizer (Fedff) preferably supplied young organs (16.7–31.0%) against old ones (2.5–14.9%), it only represented between 13.8% and 21.4% of its content. The use efficiency of the applied Fe (FeUE) barely exceeded 15%. The lowest FeUE were found in young and old organs of the aerial part (1.1–1.8% and 0.7–1.2%, respectively). Since the pattern of the seasonal absorption of Fe is similar to the monthly distribution curve of the supplied Fe, it is recommended that the application of Fe chelates in calcareous soils should be performed in a similar way to that proposed in this curve.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Maysupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Fe Uptake of Young Citrus Trees and Its Contribution to the Development of New Organs

Martínez-Cuenca

Martínez‐Alcántara

Millos

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…External N availability and fertilizer application timing greatly affect the size of N reserves. N supplied in the early phenological stage is absorbed at a high rate and mainly allocated to vegetative and/or fruit growth [19][20][21]. By contrast, postponing N supply to later stages is preferentially allocated to storage organs; therefore, this effectively increases the size of winter reserves, although the total N uptake is often reduced due to decreasing growth demand [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo Condition Determines the Uptake of Autumn and Winter Applied Nitrogen and Subsequent Utilization in Spring Tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Jiang²,

Deng

et al. 2021

Horticulturae

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The effect of thermal condition on the uptake of autumn and winter applied N and its subsequent utilization in spring tea (Camellia sinensis) was investigated by applying 15N enriched urea as single or split applications between October and February in two commercial plantations at Xingyang of Henan province and Yongchuan of Chongqing with different thermal conditions. The proportion of N derived from 15N-labeled urea (Ndff%) in fibrous root and mature leaves 15 days after application at Xingyang and the Ndff% of mature leaves on the day of the first spring tea harvest at both sites were the highest in the single October application. The Ndff% of the following spring tea was also the highest in the single October application at both sites. The results showed that application of N fertilizer in October relative to other later months most significantly improves the accumulation of plant N reserves and consequently contributes more significantly to the early spring tea. Such timing effect was related to the thermal condition, i.e., the growing degree days (°C•d, T > 8 °C) between the dates of fertilization and harvest of young shoots, which represents the combining effect of the temperature and the residence time of N fertilizer in the soil.

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“…Climatic conditions in citrus production zones and traditional cultivation methods favour nitrification of ammonium and, consequently, nitrate-N loss by leaching (Bergström & Brink, 1986). Research conducted in the last years has led to a significant increase in knowledge for improving citrus trees nutrient efficiency where NUE is influenced by N rate (Feigenbaum et al, 1987;Lea-Cox & Syvertsen, 1996;Lea-Cox et al, 2001;Syvertsen & Smith 1996), timing of application (Kubota et al, 1976a & b;Kato & Kubota, 1982;Martínez-Alcántara et al, 2012a;Quiñones et al, 2003Quiñones et al, , 2012, water management (Alva et al, 1998Quiñones et al, 2007), the form of N applied (Cantarella et al, 2003;Mattos et al, 2003), fertilizer splitting (Alva et al, 1998;Morgan et al, 2009;Quiñones et al, 2003), soil type (Martínez et al, 2002;Quiñones et al, 2012) and tree phenological growth stage (Martínez-Alcántara et al, 2012b). A greater synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supply becomes a key factor in NUE improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP to Improve Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Citrus Trees

Martínez‐Alcántara¹,

Quiñones²,

Polo³

et al. 2013

JAS

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In citrus orchards, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE) is between 40 to 60% where any excess of nitrate is subjected to leaching below the rooting zone. The compound, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) inhibits the nitrification process in soil thus reducing/delaying nitrate leaching. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of DMPP added to ammonium sulphate (AS+DMPP), compared to ammonium sulphate (AS) and calcium-potassium nitrate (CPN), in fertigation of bearing orange trees grown outdoors in drainage lysimeters. Fertilizers were 15 N-labeled to trace N through soil-plant-drainage system. Soil was sampled monthly from April to December and trees were destructively harvested in December. In trees fertilized with AS+DMPP, increased biomass was observed with a more profuse development of root system and higher fruit yield. Fertilizer 15 N uptake significantly increased with DMPP addition. In AS+DMPP amended soils, increased values of NH -15 N and lower NO -N concentrations were recorded from April to June as evidence of the inhibitory effect of DMPP on the nitrification process during this period. In CPN and AS fertilized soils, 15 N losses in drainage solutions represented 9-10% of the fertilizer supplied whereas less than 3% was leached when DMPP was added. At the end of the cycle, highest NUE was recorded in the AS+DMPP treatment (69%), while CPN and AS had lower values (61% and 54%, respectively). Therefore, the use of DMPP enables a more efficient utilization of the fertilizer-N in citrus trees, minimizing the risk of nitrate-N pollution in groundwater. However, DMPP supply should be considered during spring fertilization, since high temperatures of summer months significantly reduced its activity.

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Seasonal Changes in Nitrate Uptake Efficiency in Young Potted Citrus Trees

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal Fe Uptake of Young Citrus Trees and Its Contribution to the Development of New Organs

Seasonal Fe Uptake of Young Citrus Trees and Its Contribution to the Development of New Organs

Thermo Condition Determines the Uptake of Autumn and Winter Applied Nitrogen and Subsequent Utilization in Spring Tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

Use of Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP to Improve Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Citrus Trees

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