Seasonal Changes in Body Size and Male Genital Structures of Procladius choreus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae)

Kobayashi, Tadashi

doi:10.1076/aqin.20.3.165.4476

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Environment‐induced variations in male genitalia have also been reported in other insects. For example, seasonal variation in the morphology of male genitalia has been reported in the chironomid Procladius choreus (affected by seasonality, Kobayashi 1998). Likewise, temperature fluctuations during larval development also induce changes in male genitalia in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus (Hribar 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-dependent phenotypic plasticity of aedeagus morphology in a pair of cactophilic siblingDrosophilaspecies of therepletagroup (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Soto

Manfrin

Hasson

2008

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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The rapid evolution of male genital morphology is a characteristic feature of several animal groups. Such rapid divergence makes this trait a useful key for species identification. The aedeagus, the intromittent organ of male genitalia, is considered the main diagnostic trait in the Drosophila repleta group. In this study we analysed phenotypic plasticity and genetic variations associated with aedeagus size and shape in the cactophilic sibling species Drosophila gouveai Tidon-Sklorz and Sene, 2001 and Drosophila antonietae Tidon-Sklorz and Sene, 2001. Phenotypic plasticity in aedeagus morphology was evaluated in terms of the response to rearing media prepared with each speciesÕ natural host plant, Pilosocereus machrisii Dawson, 1957 and Cereus hildmannianus Schum, 1890 respectively. Our results show that aedeagal shape differed significantly between species and that both shape and size presented host-related phenotypic plasticity in both species. Flies reared on P. machrisii had, on average, larger aedeagi than those grown in C. hildmannianus. The general shape of aedeagus also differed significantly between flies that emerged in different host cactus. Patterns of variation in aedeagus morphology are discussed in the light of the current knowledge of evolutionary relationships and host plant use, in the D. buzzatii cluster, an assemblage of species in active cladogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-dependent phenotypic plasticity of aedeagus morphology in a pair of cactophilic siblingDrosophilaspecies of therepletagroup (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Soto

Manfrin

Hasson

2008

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

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“…Boesel (1983) found both AR and leg ratios highly variable among Cricotopus in the eastern United States. Unfortunately it is impossible to generalize about the occurrence of allometry as it appears to affect only certain morphometric ratios, on a species and gender specific basis (Kobayashi 1998;McKie & Cranston 2005). Within the sylvestris-group, ratios may have some use in distinguishing particular pairs of species, but should be treated with caution until more thorough sampling of geographical variation of populations has been achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Allometry leads to differences in shape among large and small individuals of the same species, such that the values of morphometric ratios themselves change with body size (McKie & Cranston 2005). Allometric responses of morphometric ratios and shape of the hypopygium have been reported for several species of chironomids (Kobayashi 1998;McKie & Cranston 2005) and plasticity of pigmentation in response to temperature has also been demonstrated experimentally for several species of Conchapelopia Fittkau, 1957 (Kobayashi andHayashi 2001).Our study focused on adult male specimens of the Cricotopus sylvestris species group, where the problems posed by allometry and phenotypic plasticity have not been addressed. Our goals were to determine how well species identifications based on phenotype corresponded to genetically defined populations and to identify which traits were most effective in distinguishing species within the C. Sylvestris-group.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and genetic variation within the Cricotopus sylvestris species-group (Diptera, Chironomidae), across a Nearctic - Palaearctic gradient

2012

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Gresens SE, Stur E, Ekrem T. 2012. Phenotypic and genetic variation within the Cricotopus sylvestris species-group (Diptera, Chironomidae), across a Nearctic -Palaearctic gradient. Fauna norvegica 31: 137-149.Intraspecific variation sometimes obscures species boundaries and makes identification of certain Chironomidae difficult. This is true for many species in the genus Cricotopus. We used DNA barcode data and multivariate statistical analyses to investigate which phenotypic characters in populations of the Cricotopus sylvestris species-group are useful for species identification. Specimens collected across a broad latitudinal range from the Southwest United States through subarctic Canada to northern Norway formed nine distinct barcode clusters. Body size of adult flies decreased by 51% from the northern to southernmost populations. Meristic characters in wings and legs were strongly related to overall body size, and related morphometric ratios were not species specific. Antennal ratio increased significantly with body size, thus limiting its value in species delimitation. Non-metric ordinations of setal and coloration pattern data were characteristic for most species in the sylvestris-group. DNA barcode data worked well in separating morphologically different populations, except for the case of C. (I.) sylvestris and C. (I.) trifasciatus, which were distinguished by ordination of color pattern, but not by barcoding data. These two species appeared closely related, and we conclude that sequence data from neutral nuclear markers will be necessary to determine if these are genetically distinct species, or whether there is merely a high level of environmental plasticity in pigmentation within this geographically widespread barcode cluster. doi: 10.5324/fn.v31i0.1417. Received: 2011-11-29. Accepted: 2012. Published on paper and online: 2012-10-17.Keywords: DNA barcoding, morphometrics, phenotypic plasticity, species delimitation, color pattern Sciences, Towson University, 8000 York, Towson, MD 21252-0001, USA 2. Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway Corresponding author: Susan E. Gresens E-mail: sgresens@towson.edu Hirabayashi et al. 2004). Species-level identification of adult Cricotopus is difficult because high levels of intraspecific variation lead to overlap in the values of morphological traits between species. This is particularly true for many mensural data; coloration and the pattern of setae on thorax and the abdominal tergites are therefore important for identification of Cricotopus species (Hirvenoja 1973). Within a species, however, pigmentation varies seasonally and geographically (LeSage & Harrison 1980; Boesel 1983;Oliver & Dillon 1988) and can potentially obscure otherwise good differences Department of Biological INTrOduCTIONThe genus Cricotopus van der Wulp, 1874 is one of the largest in the Orthocladiinae, containing five subgenera, with species distributed across the globe (Cranston et al. 1989). Aquati...

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“…However, since there is always an abundance of food for crane fly larvae on slow sand filter beds, water temperature would seem to be the most important factor in such a food-rich environment. According to Kobayashi (1998) and Kobayashi and Hayashi (2001), in the case of some chironomid midges, increased water temperature led to a reduced size at maturation throughout the swanning season. Yamagishi (1977) reported that the female of A. b$da was generally heavier than the male, and that emerging adults showed a significant seasonal decline in body weight in the Takami River.…”

Section: Erioconopa Elegantulamentioning

confidence: 96%

Emergence Composition and Seasonal Change of Crane Flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) from Slow Sand Filter Beds in Japan

Hirabayashi

Fukunaga

Tsukada

et al. 2004

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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We studied seasonal change in adult crane fly emergence from slow sand filter beds in an inland climate area of Japan and identified a total of 12 genera and 20 species belonging to two families. Crane fly fauna in filter beds was dominated by two species Antocha (Antocha) bijida and Antocha sp. 1. Emerging adults of the two main species showed a significant seasonal change in body size (determined by wing length), which decreased steadily from spring to summer and increased again in fall. We speculate that water temperatures influenced the decline in the wing length of crane flies on such filter beds.

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Seasonal Changes in Body Size and Male Genital Structures of Procladius choreus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Host-dependent phenotypic plasticity of aedeagus morphology in a pair of cactophilic siblingDrosophilaspecies of therepletagroup (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Host-dependent phenotypic plasticity of aedeagus morphology in a pair of cactophilic siblingDrosophilaspecies of therepletagroup (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Phenotypic and genetic variation within the Cricotopus sylvestris species-group (Diptera, Chironomidae), across a Nearctic - Palaearctic gradient

Emergence Composition and Seasonal Change of Crane Flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) from Slow Sand Filter Beds in Japan

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