Seasonal caracterization of CIE standard sky types above Burgos, northwestern Spain

Suárez‐García, Andrés; Granados-López, Diego; González-Peña, David; Díez-Mediavilla, M.; Alonso-Tristán, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2018.04.028

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Tregenza method appears to be more stable and effective, as it takes these potential issues into consideration. The method has been applied successfully by many researchers (Ng et al 2007;Torres et al 2010aTorres et al , 2010bSuárez-García et al 2018). As shown in Figure 5 (Zi 2020), the sky hemisphere was divided into 145 sky elements.…”

Section: Sky Classification With Tregenza Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), Singapore (1.5°N, 103.78°E), and China (Hong Kong 22.31°N, 114.21°E; Beijing 39.97°N, 116.4°E),etc. (Bartzokas et al 2003(Bartzokas et al , 2005Markou et al 2005;Ferraro, Mele, and Marinelli 2011;Torres et al 2010aTorres et al , 2010bSuárez-García et al 2018;Janjai and Palon 2011;Mettanant, Chaiwiwatworakul, and Chirarattananon 2017;Wittkopf and Soon 2007;Li, Lau, and Lam 2004;Ng et al 2007;Luo et al 2015). However, sky luminance research has been carried out in very few areas in Asia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sky type classification in Harbin during winter

Sun

Han

2020

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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Sky type classification is a significant element in daylight simulation. As a "winter city", the daylight climate of Harbin is distinctive, and there is therefore a particular need to determine the most appropriate sky models to establish sky luminance distribution in the city and thereby improve the accuracy of daylight simulations. To determine the closest sky type to that of Harbin during winter, sky luminance data consisting of 145 sky elements were collected by a sky scanner at 10 min intervals from June 2018 to February 2019. The sky luminance data were compared with the 15 standard sky definitions, varying from overcast sky to clear sky, proposed by the Commission International de l' Eclairage (CIE). The sky with the lowest root-meansquare-error was selected as the most appropriate sky type. The results show that clear skies prevail in Harbin during winter, with an occurrence of 70.56%. The dominant sky type is type 12, with an occurrence of 48.57%, followed by types 11, 10, and 8 with occurrences of 17.67%, 5.81%, and 5.36% respectively. The sum of the occurrences of these four sky types exceeds 77%, which means that they can be regarded as generally representative of Harbin's skies during winter.

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Section: Sky Classification With Tregenza Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sky type classification in Harbin during winter

Sun

Han

2020

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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“…Figure 2 shows the location of the meteorological station on the flat roof of the EPS building, where the climatic parameters are measured: ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and rainfall. A complete description of the experimental facility and its location can be found in previous papers [33,42]. Global horizontal irradiation, data were measured by a pyranometer (model SR11, Hulseflux, Delft, The Netherlands,).…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Normalization Ratio (NR) introduced by Littlefair [44,45] in the original Standard Sky Luminance Distribution (SSLD) method [46], detailed and described in a previous paper [42], was used to determine the CIE standard sky types over Burgos between April 2019 and January 2020. The Frequency of Occurrence (FOC, %) of each sky type during the period under study is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Cie Standard Sky Classification In Burgos Between 1 April 2019 and 21 January 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Solar Irradiance and the CIE Standard Sky Classification

et al. 2020

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Plant growth is directly related to levels of photosynthetic photon flux density, Qp. The improvement of plant-growth models therefore requires accurate estimations of the Qp parameter that is often indirectly calculated on the basis of its relationship with solar irradiation, RS, due to the scarcity of ground measurements of photosynthetic photon flux density. In this experimental campaign in Burgos, Spain, between April 2019 and January 2020, an average value of the Qp/Rs ratio is determined on the basis of measurements at ten-minute intervals. The most influential factor in the Qp/Rs ratio, over and above any daily or seasonal pattern, is the existence of overcast sky conditions. The CIE standard sky classification can be used to establish an unequivocal characterization of the cloudiness conditions of homogeneous skies. In this study, the relation between the CIE standard sky type and Qp/Rs is investigated. Its conclusions were that the Qp/Rs values, the average of which was 1.93±0.15 μmol·J−1, presented statistically significant differences for each CIE standard sky type. The overcast sky types presented the highest values of the ratio, while the clear sky categories presented the lowest and most dispersed values. During the experimental campaign, only two exceptions were noted for covered and partial covered sky-type categories, respectively, sky types 5 and 9. Their values were closer to those of categories classified as clear sky according to the CIE standard. Both categories presented high uniformity in terms of illumination.

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“…In 2003, CIE [22] and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [23] adopted 15 Standard Sky Luminance Distributions (SSLD) as the most versatile definition of skylight in various localities and daylight climate regions, making it possible to simulate annual daylight profiles in absolute units based on typical luminance sky patterns. Despite the high interest in those measurements, very few studies at only a handful of European [24][25][26][27][28][29] and Asian [15,30,31] locations have been conducted to characterize the sky under the CIE standard, mainly due to scarce sky luminance data obtained from sky scanner devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Vertical Sky Component without Obstructions for Daylighting in Burgos, Spain

et al. 2020

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Daylight availability knowledge is the first step for an energetic and visually efficient building and city design. It can be estimated with the Vertical Sky Component (VSC), which is defined as the ratio of the vertical diffuse illuminance over the unobstructed horizontal diffuse illuminance, simultaneously measured at the same point. These illuminance magnitudes are obtained from luxmeter measurements but these data are scarce. Alternatively, VSC can be obtained from prior knowledge of the sky illuminance distribution, which can be measured with a sky scanner device or by reference to the CIE (Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage) Standard classification for homogeneous skies. Both approaches are compared in this study. The coherence of the results obtained for the four cardinal orientations are analyzed by applying classical statistical parameters and luxmeter measurements as references for the results. The measurement campaign was completed between September 2016 and January 2019 in Burgos (Spain), as representative case study and specific contribution of this work. It was observed that the VSC values were higher than 100 in many cases: 21.94% for the south- and 33.6% for the east-facing vertical surfaces. The study highlights the good daylighting conditions in Burgos, mainly due to the predominance of clear skies over much of the year. This fact implies high daylight availability that, with efficient city planning and building design, could potentially lead reduction energy consumption of buildings, improvements in visual comfort, and the well-being of occupants.

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Seasonal caracterization of CIE standard sky types above Burgos, northwestern Spain

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Sky type classification in Harbin during winter

Sky type classification in Harbin during winter

Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Solar Irradiance and the CIE Standard Sky Classification

Evaluation of the Vertical Sky Component without Obstructions for Daylighting in Burgos, Spain

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