Seasonal bullous eruption due to mosquitoes

Walker, G.B.; Harrison, P.V.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00540.x

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Blisters or tense bullae can occur, especially on the lower legs, and in England the condition known as seasonal bullous eruption was recently shown to be caused by Aedes detrius mosquitoes [13].…”

Section: Abnormal Bite Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology and treatment of mosquito bites

Reunala

Brummer‐Korvenkontio

Lappalainen

et al. 1990

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Cutaneous reactions to mosquito bites are usually pruritic weals and delayed papules. Arthus-type local and systemic symptoms can also occur but anaphylactic reactions are very rare. Both clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the various bite reactions result from sensitization to the mosquito saliva injected into the skin during feeding. Recent immunoblot studies have shown both IgG- and IgE-class anti-mosquito antibodies, but their species-specificity and clinical importance is at present unknown. In addition to an Arthus-type mechanism, both cutaneous late-phase reactivity and cell-mediated immunity may be involved in the pathophysiology of delayed mosquito-bite lesions. Cutaneous sensitization to mosquito bites can be divided into five different stages ranging from the stages of immediate wealing and delayed bite papules, to the stage of non-reactivity. No desensitization treatment is generally available for mosquito allergy but it has recently been shown that cetirizine, a potent non-sedating antihistamine, is effective against the wealing and pruritus caused by mosquito bites.

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Section: Abnormal Bite Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology and treatment of mosquito bites

Reunala

Brummer‐Korvenkontio

Lappalainen

et al. 1990

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…Large local reactions to mosquito bites consist of itchy, red, warm swellings appearing with minutes of mosquito bites, and itchy papules, ecchymotic, vesiculated, blistering, bullous or even Authus-type reactions, appearing 2– 6 h after the bites and persisting for days or weeks [4, 5, 6, 7, 25]. Only those reactions which cause large or atypical (ecchymotic or vesiculated) local reactions or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angio-oedema, generalized urticaria, or wheezing are considered to be ‘mosquito allergy’ [1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. ‘Skeeter syndrome’ is defined as mosquito-induced large local inflammatory reaction sometimes accompanied by low grade fever, often misdiagnosed as cellulitis and treated as such.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Allergy: Immune Mechanisms and Recombinant Salivary Allergens

Peng

Simons²

2004

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

124

105

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Reactions to mosquito bites are immunological in nature, with the involvement of IgE-, IgG- and T lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivities. Acquired desensitization to mosquito saliva may occur during childhood and adolescence or during long-term exposure to mosquito bites. Due to the lack of salivary preparations, allergic reactions to mosquito bites are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Recombinant mosquito saliva allergens with biological activity are being developed. These recombinant allergens will significantly improve diagnosis of mosquito allergy and eventually will also improve specific immunotherapy for patients with systemic reactions to mosquito bites.

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“…Large local reactions to mosquito bites consist of itchy, red, warm swellings appearing with minutes of the bites, and itchy papules, ecchymotic, vesiculated, blistering, bullous or even Authus reactions, appearing 2 -6 hours after the bites and persisting for days or weeks [3,[8][9][10][11][12]. Only those reactions which cause large or atypical (ecchymotic or vesiculated) local reactions or systemic reactions are considered to be "mosquito allergy" [2].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%