Seasonal body composition, water turnover, and field metabolic rates in porcupines (<i>Erethizon dorsatum</i>) in Alaska

Coltrane, Jessica A.; Farley, Sean D.; Barboza, Perry S.; Kohl, Franziska; Sinnott, Rick; Barnes, Brian M.

doi:10.1644/10-mamm-a-262.1

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…1). Porcupines are northern-adapted midsized mammals (3.5-9.0 kg) that range as far north as the arctic tundra (Coltrane et al 2011). The ability of porcupines to exploit northern habitats seems to be, in part, due to their unique adaptations to highly seasonal food availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of a northern‐adapted mammal: disentangling the influence of predation and climate change

Pokallus

Pauli

2015

Ecological Applications

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Community structure and interspecific interactions are particularly vulnerable to rapidly changing climatic regimes. Recent changes in both climate and vertebrate community assemblages have created a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of two dynamic forces on population regulation. We examined the effects of warming winter conditions and the reestablishment of a previously extirpated predator, the fisher (Martes pennanti), on regulatory mechanisms in a northern-adapted mammal, the porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), along their southern range boundary. Using a long-term (17-year) capture-recapture data set, we (1) quantified the impacts of climate change and increased fisher predation on the survival of adult porcupines at their regional southern terminus, (2) assessed recruitment (via both adult fecundity and juvenile survival) of porcupines, and (3) modeled the relative importance of predation and winter conditions on the demography and population growth rate (λ). Severe winters and abundant predators interacted synergistically to reduce adult survivorship by as much as 44%, while expanding predator populations led to near reproductive failure among porcupines. Increasing predatory pressure, disruptions in this community module, and more frequent extreme winter weather events led to predicted extirpation within 50 years, whereas in the absence of predators, the population was viable. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding behind distributional shifts resulting from climate change and may be broadly relevant for predicting future distributional shifts in other northern-adapted mammalian species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of a northern‐adapted mammal: disentangling the influence of predation and climate change

Pokallus

Pauli

2015

Ecological Applications

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“…Regardless, porcupines in our study were on average larger than those found in the Catskills (Roze 2009). Male and female porcupines in our study area had average fall body masses of 10.62 ± 1.92 kg and 7.80 ± 1.68 kg, respectively (Coltrane et al 2011), compared to 5.53 kg and 4.59 kg for males and females, respectively, in the Catskill Mountains (Roze 2009). The longer winter experienced in Alaska relative to lower latitudes may require increased movements to exploit food resources within their home ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Habitat selection in Alaskan porcupines in winter is therefore a tradeoff between nutritional and thermoregulatory challenges, as well as predation risks. As a result, free‐ranging porcupines lose up to 34% of total body mass at an average rate of 17 ± 6 g/day over an Alaskan winter (Coltrane et al 2011). Captive porcupines fed a diet of white spruce ( Picea glauca ) needles lost body mass at 49 ± 19 g/day (Coltrane and Barboza 2010), a loss rate that could not be sustained throughout the winter.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau aktuell 7/2016

2016

Beton und Stahlbetonbau

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Nachrichten: Österreichischer BAUKONGRESS 2016: Bauen wird binär / Deutscher Bautechnik‐Tag 2017 in Stuttgart – Call for Papers und Auslobung für “Rüsch‐Forschungspreis” und “Innovationspreis Bautechnik” / Auslobung 2017 – Ulrich Finsterwalder Ingenieurbaupreis / Viele Aufträge – wenig Mitarbeiter / INGENIEURPREIS 2017 ausgelobt / Ausschreibung Förderpreis der Gesellschaft für Bautechnikgeschichte 2017 / Spannend, vielseitig und nie langweilig

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“…), body composition (Coltrane et al. ; Pavlova et al. ), empirical regressions (Pauly ), and bioenergetics models (Kitchell et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessing an organism's ecological requirements and constraints is central to predicting species distributions (Elith and Leathwick 2009), community dynamics (Byrom et al 2014), and trophic interactions (Young et al 2015). Consumption is the most fundamental trophic interaction, and it can be calculated from diet analyses (Selch and Chipps 2007;Hughes et al 2014), body composition (Coltrane et al 2011;Pavlova et al 2014), empirical regressions (Pauly 1989), and bioenergetics models (Kitchell et al 1977;Hansen et al 1993). Bioenergetics models estimate consumption rates based on the energetic requirements for growth, metabolism, reproduction, and waste (Olson and Boggs 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving consumption rate estimates by incorporating wild activity into a bioenergetics model

Brodie

Taylor

Smith

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Consumption is the basis of metabolic and trophic ecology and is used to assess an animal's trophic impact. The contribution of activity to an animal's energy budget is an important parameter when estimating consumption, yet activity is usually measured in captive animals. Developments in telemetry have allowed the energetic costs of activity to be measured for wild animals; however, wild activity is seldom incorporated into estimates of consumption rates. We calculated the consumption rate of a free‐ranging marine predator (yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi) by integrating the energetic cost of free‐ranging activity into a bioenergetics model. Accelerometry transmitters were used in conjunction with laboratory respirometry trials to estimate kingfish active metabolic rate in the wild. These field‐derived consumption rate estimates were compared with those estimated by two traditional bioenergetics methods. The first method derived routine swimming speed from fish morphology as an index of activity (a “morphometric” method), and the second considered activity as a fixed proportion of standard metabolic rate (a “physiological” method). The mean consumption rate for free‐ranging kingfish measured by accelerometry was 152 J·g−1·day−1, which lay between the estimates from the morphometric method (μ = 134 J·g−1·day−1) and the physiological method (μ = 181 J·g−1·day−1). Incorporating field‐derived activity values resulted in the smallest variance in log‐normally distributed consumption rates (σ = 0.31), compared with the morphometric (σ = 0.57) and physiological (σ = 0.78) methods. Incorporating field‐derived activity into bioenergetics models probably provided more realistic estimates of consumption rate compared with the traditional methods, which may further our understanding of trophic interactions that underpin ecosystem‐based fisheries management. The general methods used to estimate active metabolic rates of free‐ranging fish could be extended to examine ecological energetics and trophic interactions across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

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Seasonal body composition, water turnover, and field metabolic rates in porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) in Alaska

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Population dynamics of a northern‐adapted mammal: disentangling the influence of predation and climate change

Population dynamics of a northern‐adapted mammal: disentangling the influence of predation and climate change

Beton‐ und Stahlbetonbau aktuell 7/2016

Improving consumption rate estimates by incorporating wild activity into a bioenergetics model

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