Seasonal biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat, barley and oat on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

Malhi, S. S.; Johnston, Adrian; Schoenau, Jeff J.; Wang, Z. L.; Vera, C.

doi:10.4141/p05-116

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the catchment-scale benefits of winter cover crop to improve water quality have not been fully understood. As the nutrient uptake and nitrate reduction efficiencies of winter cover crops are primarily dependent upon cover crop biomass (Malhi et al, 2006;Hively et al, 2009), it is crucial to simulate plant growth accurately. The accurate simulation of the plant growth would require field-based information and an improved calibration method to carefully account for the climate, soil characteristics, and site-specific nutrient management.…”

Section: I-y Yeo Et Al: Assessing Winter Cover Crop Nutrient Uptakmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. Since cover crop N reduction efficiency is controlled by winter cover crop biomass (Malhi et al, 2006), we developed a new method to calibrate plant growth parameters that control leaf area development to produce simulation outputs close to observed values (discussed in Sect. 2.2.4).…”

Section: Description Of the Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barley is a cool-season crop and develops a strong root system during the winter season. Barley exhibits better nutrient uptake capacity than wheat (Malhi et al, 2006;Clark, 2007). Our simulation results were consistent with previous studies.…”

Section: Multiple Scenarios Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model

Yeo

Lee

Sadeghi

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Winter cover crops are an effective conservation management practice with potential to improve water quality. Throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW), which is located in the mid-Atlantic US, winter cover crop use has been emphasized, and federal and state cost-share programs are available to farmers to subsidize the cost of cover crop establishment. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of planting winter cover crops to improve water quality at the watershed scale (∼ 50 km 2 ) and to identify critical source areas of high nitrate export. A physically based watershed simulation model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated using water quality monitoring data to simulate hydrological processes and agricultural nutrient cycling over the period of 1990-2000. To accurately simulate winter cover crop biomass in relation to growing conditions, a new approach was developed to further calibrate plant growth parameters that control the leaf area development curve using multitemporal satellitebased measurements of species-specific winter cover crop performance. Multiple SWAT scenarios were developed to obtain baseline information on nitrate loading without winter cover crops and to investigate how nitrate loading could change under different winter cover crop planting scenarios, including different species, planting dates, and implementation areas. The simulation results indicate that winter cover crops have a negligible impact on the water budget but significantly reduce nitrate leaching to groundwater and delivery to the waterways. Without winter cover crops, annual nitrate loading from agricultural lands was approximately 14 kg ha −1 , but decreased to 4.6-10.1 kg ha −1 with cover crops resulting in a reduction rate of 27-67 % at the watershed scale. Rye was the most effective species, with a potential to reduce nitrate leaching by up to 93 % with early planting at the field scale. Early planting of cover crops (∼ 30 days of additional growing days) was crucial, as it lowered nitrate export by an additional ∼ 2 kg ha −1 when compared to late planting scenarios. The effectiveness of cover cropping increased with increasing extent of cover crop implementation. Agricultural fields with well-drained soils and those that were more frequently used to grow corn had a higher potential for nitrate leaching and export to the waterways. This study supports the effective implementation of cover crop programs, in part by helping to target critical pollution source areas for cover crop implementation.

show abstract

Section: I-y Yeo Et Al: Assessing Winter Cover Crop Nutrient Uptakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model

Yeo

Lee

Sadeghi

et al. 2014

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…red) wavelengths, as chlorophyll absorption at these wavelengths becomes less pronounced than generally is the case during preceding stages (Gitelson, 2012). Besides, the maximization of biomass accumulation in matured plants (Malhi et al, 2006) may explain lower R 2 values for fresh biomass estimations, as spectral sensitivity to biomass saturates at higher biomass levels (Goswami et al, 2015). Therefore, to evaluate the validity and robustness of the relationships found in the current study, and to explore whether different models exhibit other prediction capabilities at alternative growth stages we recommend future studies to perform observations and analyses across the plant vegetative cycle.…”

Section: Plant Traits and Plant Physiological Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of plant trait responses to field-based plant–soil feedback using UAV-based optical sensors

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Plant responses to biotic and abiotic legacies left in soil by preceding plants is known as plant-soil feedback (PSF). PSF is an important mechanism to explain plant community dynamics and plant performance in natural and agricultural systems. However, most PSF studies are shortterm and small-scale due to practical constraints for fieldscale quantification of PSF effects, yet field experiments are warranted to assess actual PSF effects under less controlled conditions. Here we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based optical sensors to test whether PSF effects on plant traits can be quantified remotely. We established a randomized agro-ecological field experiment in which six different cover crop species and species combinations from three different plant families (Poaceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae) were grown. The feedback effects on plant traits were tested in oat (Avena sativa) by quantifying the cover crop legacy effects on key plant traits: height, fresh biomass, nitrogen content, and leaf chlorophyll content. Prior to destructive sampling, hyperspectral data were acquired and used for calibration and independent validation of regression models to retrieve plant traits from optical data. Subsequently, for each trait the model with highest precision and accuracy was selected. We used the hyperspectral analyses to predict the directly measured plant height (RMSE = 5.12 cm, R 2 = 0.79), chlorophyll content (RMSE = 0.11 g m −2 , R 2 = 0.80), Ncontent (RMSE = 1.94 g m −2 , R 2 = 0.68), and fresh biomass (RMSE = 0.72 kg m −2 , R 2 = 0.56). Overall the PSF effects of the different cover crop treatments based on the remote sensing data matched the results based on in situ measurements. The average oat canopy was tallest and its leaf chlorophyll content highest in response to legacy of Vicia sativa monocultures (100 cm, 0.95 g m −2 , respectively) and in mixture with Raphanus sativus (100 cm, 1.09 g m −2 , respectively), while the lowest values (76 cm, 0.41 g m −2 , respectively) were found in response to legacy of Lolium perenne monoculture, and intermediate responses to the legacy of the other treatments. We show that PSF effects in the field occur and alter several important plant traits that can be sensed remotely and quantified in a non-destructive way using UAVbased optical sensors; these can be repeated over the growing season to increase temporal resolution. Remote sensing thereby offers great potential for studying PSF effects at field scale and relevant spatial-temporal resolutions which will facilitate the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.

show abstract

“…The time of sampling corresponded to the mid to late milk stage of development (BBCH = 76) for each crop, after maximum N uptake occurred. In cereal crops maximum N uptake typically occurs around 60 to 65 days after emergence [21]. Four additional reference samples were collected from outside the main plots approximately 50 m from the shelterbelt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transfer to Forage Crops from a Caragana Shelterbelt

Issah¹,

Kimaro

Kort

et al. 2015

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Caragana shelterbelts are a common feature of farms in the Northern Great Plains of North America. We investigated if nitrogen (N) from this leguminous shrub contributed to the N nutrition of triticale and oat forage crops growing adjacent to the shelterbelt row. Nitrogen transfer was measured using 15 N isotope dilution at distances of 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, 15 m and 20 m from the shelterbelt. At 2 m caragana negatively impacted the growth of triticale and oat. At 4 m from the shelterbelt productivity was maximum for both forage crops and corresponded to the highest amount of N originating from caragana. The amount of N transferred from caragana decreased linearly with distance away from the shelterbelt, but even at 20 m from the shelterbelt row measureable amounts of N originating from caragana were detectable in the forage biomass. At 4 m from the shelterbelt approximately 40% of the N in both oat and triticale was from caragana, and at 20 m from the shelterbelt approximately 20% of the N in oat and 8% of the N in triticale was from caragana.

show abstract

Seasonal biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat, barley and oat on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model

Assessing winter cover crop nutrient uptake efficiency using a water quality simulation model

Remote sensing of plant trait responses to field-based plant–soil feedback using UAV-based optical sensors

Nitrogen Transfer to Forage Crops from a Caragana Shelterbelt

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About