Seasonal Behaviours and Weekdays/Weekends Differences in Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols in Cairo, Egypt

Hassan, Salwa K.; El–Abssawy, Ahmed A.; Abdelmaksoud, A. S.; Abdou, Mamdouh Hanafy; Khoder, Mamdouh I.

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.12.0349

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…The lower weekend PM mass and elemental constituents, as well as the estimated masses for source-related factors, suggest that traffic emissions are the primary drivers of the weekday/weekend differences observed in Jeddah, in line with previous investigations of air pollution trends in Jeddah (Porter et al, 2014; Alghamdi et al, 2014b) that similarly observed decreased NO x levels during weekends. These findings are also consistent with the observations by other investigators elsewhere who have attributed the decrease in air pollution concentrations on weekends to the decrease in traffic density (Latha and Highwood, 2006; Lonati et al, 2006; Hassan et al, 2013). The lower reductions in PM 2.5 concentration than PM 2.5–10 and PM 10 in weekends compared to weekdays additionally suggest that in spite of anthropogenic sources, PM 2.5 has longer residence time in air than PM 2.5–10 and PM 10 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Temporal variations of fine and coarse particulate matter sources in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Lim

Thurston

Shamy

et al. 2018

j air waste manag assoc

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This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the seasonal variations and weekday/weekend differences in fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particulate matter mass concentrations, elemental constituents, and potential source origins in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Air quality samples were collected over one year, from June 2011 to May 2012 at a frequency of three times per week, and analyzed. The average mass concentrations of PM2.5 (21.9 µg/m3) and PM10 (107.8 µg/m3) during the sampling period exceeded the recommended annual average levels by the World Health Organization (WHO) for PM2.5 (10 µg/m3) and PM10 (20 µg/m3), respectively. Similar to other Middle Eastern locales, PM2.5–10 is the prevailing mass component of atmospheric particulate matter at Jeddah, accounting for approximately 80% of the PM10 mass. Considerations of enrichment factors, absolute principal component analysis (APCA), concentration roses, and backward trajectories identified the following source categories for both PM2.5 and PM2.5–10: 1) soil/road dust; 2) incineration; and 3) traffic; and for PM2.5 only, 4) residual oil burning. Soil/road dust accounted for a major portion of both the PM2.5 (27%) and PM2.5–10 (77%) mass, and the largest source contributor for PM2.5 was from residual oil burning (63%). Temporal variations of PM2.5–10 and PM2.5 were observed, with the elevated concentration levels observed for mass during the spring (due to increased dust storm frequency), and on weekdays (due to increased traffic). The predominant role of windblown soil and road dust in both the PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 masses in this city may have implications regarding the toxicity of these particles versus those in the western world where most PM health assessments have been made in the past. These results support the need for region-specific epidemiological investigations to be conducted and considered in future PM standard setting.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Temporal variations of fine and coarse particulate matter sources in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Lim

Thurston

Shamy

et al. 2018

j air waste manag assoc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The highest concentration values occurred in winter (123.00 µg m −3 ) and in summer (117.00 µg m −3 ). The generally higher concentration of aerosols observed during winter can be attributed to the lower dispersion rate of pollutants [36]. The summer peaks of PM 10 concentrations have been supposed to derive from higher number of illegal waste burning as well as wildfires and agriculture legal burning.…”

Section: Pm 10 Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The present research has been focused on the evaluation of seasonal changes in mass concentrations and compositions of heavy metals in Particular Matters (PM) 10 collected from a typical urban-industrial site in Acerra, a city located in an area called "triangle of death". No significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation was evidenced for the PM 10 concentration, but in all the seasons (except for autumn) exceedances of daily concentrations (50 µg m −3 ) were observed. Airborne PM was analyzed for these heavy metals: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn, which represented about 8% of the PM 10 concentrations. None of the metals classified by IARC as carcinogenic in humans (group 1) exceeded on average the annual EU's and Italy's limit. For the mentioned heavy metals the enrichment factors (EnFs) were analyzed and highlighted high enrichment for Cd, Sb, Pb, As, Cu and Zn. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the heavy metals in PM 10 identified oil combustion, vehicle and industrial emissions as major sources. To assess the health risk related to the inhalation to airborne PM 10 metals, we applied the Cancer Risk (CR) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The results showed that the CR was similar for a child and an adult, while the THQ proved to be higher for a child than for an adult. The low PM metals risk in the urban industrial site was in agreement with the ongoing lowering trend of metals in Italy and Europe.

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“…This imposes a serious threat because of continuous exposure to elevated PM 10 concentrations. In general, most of the aerosol research in the MENA region have been focused on the PM and some chemical characterization (e.g., Hamad et al 2015;Gherboudj and Ghedira 2014;Alghamdi et al 2014aAlghamdi et al , b, 2015Abdeen et al 2014;Hussein et al 2014;Hassan et al 2013;Boman et al 2013;Daher et al 2013;Engelbrecht and Jayanty 2013;Habeebullah 2013;Khodeir et al 2012;Rushdi et al 2013;Shaltout et al 2013;Waked et al 2013a; Kouyoumdjian and Saliba 2006;El-Araby et al 2011;Hussein et al 2011;Saliba et al 2010). Recently, long-range transport and sand dust storms/transport have been considered as a priority of the aerosol research in the MENA (e.g., Al-Dousari et al 2017;Basha et al 2015;Doronzo et al 2015;Alam et al 2014;Jaafar et al 2014;Saeed et al 2014;Dada et al 2013;El-Askary et al 2009;El-Askary and Kafatos 2008;Reid et al 2008;Saliba et al 2007;Satheesh et al 2006;Daum et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and coarse mode aerosol concentrations and carbonaceous contents in the urban background atmosphere in Amman, Jordan

et al. 2018

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In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of accumulation and coarse modes measured during November 2013-July 2017 at an urban background site in Amman, Jordan. The concentrations showed distinct seasonal variations with high concentrations with a monthly average higher than 100 cm −3 and 1.5 cm −3 , respectively, for accumulation and coarse modes during the winter and low concentrations with a monthly average less than 40 cm −3 and 1-1.5 cm −3 , respectively, for accumulation and coarse modes during the summer. Sand and dust storms (SDS) affected the coarse mode during the early spring whereas local dust resuspension affected them during the autumn. The gravimetric analysis confirmed the seasonal variation of the calculated particulate mass concentration but suggested that the assumption of spherical particles and unit density is not always proper. The ATR-FTIR analysis of selected filters revealed that aerosols in the background atmosphere of Amman are a mixture of locally emitted (fossil fuel combustion) and local/regional dust. Based on the 24-h average of the calculated PM 10 , the pollution standard index (PSI) revealed that about 81% of the days were either good or moderate air quality conditions. About 71% of the days were below the 24-h PM 10 limit value according to the Jordanian air quality standards (120 μg m −3).

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Seasonal Behaviours and Weekdays/Weekends Differences in Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols in Cairo, Egypt

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

Temporal variations of fine and coarse particulate matter sources in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Temporal variations of fine and coarse particulate matter sources in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Accumulation and coarse mode aerosol concentrations and carbonaceous contents in the urban background atmosphere in Amman, Jordan

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