Seasonal Application of Ethephon, Flurprimidol, Mefluidide, Paclobutrazol, and Amidochlor as they Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Shoot Morphogenesiscky

Diesburg, K. L.; Christians, Nick E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900040001x

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The elongation of Kentucky bluegrass stem internodes in response to ethephon was observed by others, but there was no mention of scalping in those reports (2,5,10,17). Diesburg and Christians (5), however, did report that ethephon (4.48 kg ai/ha) caused slight phytotoxicity to Kentucky bluegrass, which was observed 32 to 47 days after treatment. Eggens et al (6) applied ethephon at rates ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 kg ai/ha one, two and three times on a three‐week interval between July 1981 and May 1982 to mixed fairway stands of creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Scalping was caused by the elevation of crowns induced by ethephon, but this adverse effect was not detected until autumn (3). The elongation of Kentucky bluegrass stem internodes in response to ethephon was observed by others, but there was no mention of scalping in those reports (2,5,10,17). Diesburg and Christians (5), however, did report that ethephon (4.48 kg ai/ha) caused slight phytotoxicity to Kentucky bluegrass, which was observed 32 to 47 days after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Scalping and Creeping Bentgrass Quality as Influenced by Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl

Dernoeden

Pigati

2009

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Ethephon is commonly tank‐mixed with trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) and applied to putting greens in spring to manage annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) seedheads. Previous research indicated that ethephon can predispose fairway‐height creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) to scalping. It would be prudent to determine if ethephon has similar effects on creeping bentgrass maintained as a putting green. This study was conducted on a mature stand of ‘Providence’ creeping bentgrass grown on a sand‐based rootzone and maintained as a putting green. In 2007 and 2008, ethephon (3.8 kg ai/ha) and TE (0.045 kg ai/ha) were applied alone or in tank‐mix combination either once or twice beginning in April. Scalping first became evident on a consistent basis in early June about 38 days following the second ethephon application in each year. Two applications of ethephon alone or tank‐mixed with TE resulted in significant scalping that persisted from 35 to 56 days. Plots treated twice with ethephon exhibited reduced quality for 28 to 84 days. Golf course superintendents should be made aware of the potential level and time period that ethephon can predispose putting green height creeping bentgrass to scalping.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Scalping and Creeping Bentgrass Quality as Influenced by Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl

Dernoeden

Pigati

2009

Applied Turfgrass Science

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“…Highest ABG cover and poorest ABG control among the three states occurred in Michigan and may be due to a number of factors. More moderate summer weather compared with Nebraska and Indiana likely favored ABG competitiveness and may also have reduced susceptibility of ABG to bispyribac‐sodium (McCullough and Hart, 2006) or flurprimidol (Diesburg and Christians, 1989). Furthermore, a stand farther north is more likely to be perennial ABG [ Poa annua L. ssp.…”

Section: Treatment Effects Differ Widely Across Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Bluegrass Control on Putting Greens from Three or Four Years of Season‐long Applications of Herbicides or Plant Growth Regulators in Three States

Reicher

Sousek

Patton

et al. 2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be the most troublesome and studied weed on golf courses in the United States. Given the genetic variability of annual bluegrass and its ability to adapt to different environments, it is important to understand how control methods vary across environments or regions. Our objective was to evaluate seven season‐long regimes of herbicide or growth regulators for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera Huds.) putting greens over 3 or 4 years in three states in the midwestern United States. Depending on the product, applications were made as often as every 2 weeks from April through September. Effectiveness of treatments varied widely by location and time, with treatments most effective in Indiana and Nebraska. Paclobutrazol was the most effective plant growth regulator for annual bluegrass control, followed closely by flurprimidol. Intermediate at reducing annual bluegrass was flurprimidol + trinexapac‐ethyl and trinexapac‐ethyl was ineffective. Among herbicides, the now discontinued experimental cumyluron was most effective and four applications of bispyribac‐sodium at 2 oz/acre every 2 weeks in August and September was more effective than 1 oz/acre applied every 2 weeks from May through September or applications of cumyluron. Though a number of products will reduce annual bluegrass on golf greens, overall control was relatively low, reinforcing the need to maximize cultural practices before attempting chemical control. Furthermore, our results reinforce the importance of superintendents’ experimenting and refining treatment regimes in their specific location to maximize efficacy.

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“…Ethephon‐treated Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) developed elongated internodes from the crown area, produced shortened leaves, and resembled bermudagrass more than Kentucky bluegrass (Diesburg and Christians, 1989). Ethephon suppressed annual bluegrass ( P. annua L.) growth and seedhead production, allowing creeping bentgrass to spread into areas previously occupied by annual bluegrass (Eggens et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

‘TifEagle’ Bermudagrass Response to Plant Growth Regulators and Mowing Height

McCarty¹,

Willis²,

Toler³

et al. 2011

Agronomy Journal

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Ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] cultivars require considerable field research to determine best management practices for successful long‐term culture. A field study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 on an experimental ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass putting green in Clemson, SC, to examine effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) applied bimonthly and three mowing heights on turf performance. The PGRs included ethephon [(2‐chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] at 1.91 kg a.i. ha−1, flurprimidol [α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐α‐[4‐(trifluoro‐methoxy)phenyl]‐5‐pyrimidine‐methonol] at 0.07 kg a.i. ha−1, trinexapac‐ethyl [4‐(cyclopropyl‐α‐hydroxymethylene)‐3,5‐dioxo‐cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] at 0.0175 kg a.i. ha−1, all pairwise PGR combinations at half the individual rates, and a nontreated control. Turf was mowed five times weekly at 2.50, 3.25, or 4.00 mm. Lateral regrowth with ethephon and trinexapac‐ethyl was comparable to nontreated turf, while flurprimidol impeded lateral regrowth ∼25%. All three PGRs reduced dry clipping weights, with flurprimidol most effective (>50% each harvest) and ethephon least effective (maximum 17%). Turf quality for trinexapac‐ethyl, ethephon, and flurprimidol was excellent (8.0–8.4), acceptable (6.8–7.1) and unacceptable (3.6–5.2), respectively. Compared to the control, root length density increased 33% with trinexapac‐ethyl, unaffected by ethephon, and reduced 25% with flurprimidol. Flurprimidol increased ball roll distances in morning (AM) and (PM) by 21 and 26 cm, respectively, trinexapac‐ethyl provided increases of 5 and 10 cm, respectively, while ethephon had no effect, compared to the control. No evidence of synergistic effects was observed for PGR combinations. Raising mowing heights increased lateral regrowth, turf quality, and root length density but decreased ball roll distances. Best overall performance of TifEagle bermudagrass was achieved with trinexapac‐ethyl, as it increased root length density, provided excellent turf quality, reduced vertical growth, did not impede lateral regrowth, and increased ball roll distances, compared to the control.

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Seasonal Application of Ethephon, Flurprimidol, Mefluidide, Paclobutrazol, and Amidochlor as they Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Shoot Morphogenesiscky

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Scalping and Creeping Bentgrass Quality as Influenced by Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl

Scalping and Creeping Bentgrass Quality as Influenced by Ethephon and Trinexapac-ethyl

Annual Bluegrass Control on Putting Greens from Three or Four Years of Season‐long Applications of Herbicides or Plant Growth Regulators in Three States

‘TifEagle’ Bermudagrass Response to Plant Growth Regulators and Mowing Height

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