Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Thunderstorm Activity Over Nigeria

Balogun, E. E.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1981.tb05398.x

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…And the rainfall supplies are gotten mostly from mesoscale convective systems as it contributes about 80% of the annual total rainfall in Nigeria which conforms with the studies of many authors which have shown that the greatest proportion of the annual rainfall of West Africa countries comes from deep convective systems [1,2]. This has been discovered to be largely due to the occurrence of MCSs (thunderstorm and squall line) that produce majority of the summer rainfall [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Climate Variability Impact on the Frequency of Occurrence of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern Nigeria

Mc¹,

Oluleye²

2017

J Climatol Weather Forecasting

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) form an important component of meteorology in West Africa, and in particular, contribute substantially to precipitation totals. Several authors focused majorly on the contribution of these systems to precipitation and the damages that accompanied it. But in the event of current climate change, it is expected that storm occurrences especially over the tropics will also be impacted due to variability or changing in climate especially in Northern Nigeria which has experienced some extreme weather events over the years. The study was carried out in eight (8) different states within the savannah region of Nigeria. Monthly total rainfall, mean monthly temperature, relative humidity and daily Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) (thunderstorms and line squalls) data of 31 years was used. Man-Kendall and Coefficient of variation (CV) method were used to analyze the data. There were various degrees of variations in some of the data analyzed based on the location of the station. The frequency of occurrence of these systems showed that its number (peals) decreases with an increasing latitude for stations north of 10 o N with the north-eastern part of the country recording a decrease of almost one-third between 1981 and 2010. Hence, monsoon type of precipitation can be seen to be contributing more to the total annual rainfall in the northern part of Nigeria in contrast to earlier studies which gave Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) 95% contribution rate. (north). But this work was improved upon by Orisakwe [6] which saw mesoscale convective systems contributing as low as 72.5% to the total precipitation in Nigeria with thunderstorm having as much as 45.7% and squall line having 26.8% contribution. Unsurprisingly, Ochei et al. [7] also showed that the occurrence of thunderstorms tends to be greatly reduced over Maiduguri (North-eastern Nigeria) than over Sokoto (North-western Nigeria). However, further studies [8][9][10][11] have revealed the occurrence of upper-level downdrafts at the sides of the upper portion of updrafts.Most works on mesoscale convective systems ranges from its contribution to total precipitation [2,6,12], frequency of occurrences of such systems [7] to the damages it has caused over-time [13][14][15], but none has been written explicitly on the implication of the changing climate on the frequency of occurrence of these mesoscale convective systems. This is an area where changing climate variables, have the tendency of affecting either negatively (positively), by decreasing (increasing) the number of occurrence of thunderstorm in a given time frame. This work has the potential of revealing the changing climate variables affecting the frequency of mesoscale convective systems vis-à-vis the amount of rainfall seasonally.Northern Nigeria, the domain of study, lies between latitude 8-14 o N and longitude 3-15 o E. The zone is bounded by Niger republic to the north, Benin republic to the west and Cameroon to the east. It has a

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Northern Nigeria, the domain of study, lies between latitude [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] o N and longitude [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] …”

unclassified

Climate Variability Impact on the Frequency of Occurrence of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern Nigeria

Mc¹,

Oluleye²

2017

J Climatol Weather Forecasting

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Large body of literature is available for thunderstorm and lightning research [10]- [16]. Also, over the Indian region, attempts have been made to understand relation of thunderstorms to wet bulb temperature [17] [18] [19] [20], lightningrainfall relationship [21] and also, thunderstorm climatology [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Rainfall and Stability Index with Lightning Parameter over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Tinmaker¹,

Aslam²,

Chate³

2017

AJCC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) based satellite lightning grid data for 10 year period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) were used to study the association of rainfall and stability index with lightning parameter over Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) region. The spatial variation of flash rate density (FRD) is found to be (40 fl·km −2 ·yr −1 ) higher over northern region of IGP as compare to that of eastern IGP region. The annual variation of FRD exhibits bimodal distributions, while the precipitation rate shows unimodal distributions. The results show that the FRD peaked 2 months (premonsoon) in advance to the monsoon months where rainfall peak occurred due to environmental lapse rates more than 7.0ºC/km during pre-monsoon which is evident from the temperature profile for correlation coefficient between temperature (700 mb) and FRD with coefficient of 0.70, p ≤ 0.0001 during pre-monsoon.The annual variation of lifted index show negative value over March to September due to intense insolation, convective available potential energy (CAPE) and also availability of moisture. The convective cloud transform into thundercloud with the development of mixed-phase (cloud water + ice) which subsequently produce the lightning. During monsoon, seasonal thermal heating diminishes and even on revival after break monsoon period, K-index is found to be less as the orography does not allow the highly moist air of low temperature to reach to large height above freezing level. They can be referred as maritime clouds of intermediate height with moderate updraft and hence minimum lightning activity during the monsoon season. Lifted index are proved to be indicators of thunderstorm conditions. This is because that rising air parcel is much warmer than its surroundings and can accelerate rapidly and create severe thunderstorms.

show abstract

“…The rainfall pattern is bimodal resulting to two main seasons in Nigeria namely wet (April to October) and dry (November to March) which are influenced respectively by two air masses; south-westerlies originating from the Atlantic ocean and north-easterlies that crosses over the Sahara desert. There is a period of "little dry season" (August break) in August during the wet season, Balogun (1981). The period of transition between the dry and wet seasons reveals the distinct signatures of both wet and dry seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of analytical algorithms for the estimation of soil thermal properties using de Vries model

Adeniyi¹,

Oshunsanya²

2012

AJSIR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil thermal conductivity, and diffusivity together with the damping depth of soil temperature computed using Amplitude decay, Phase shift, Harmonic (amplitude based and phase based), Arctangent, Logarithmic and conduction-convection algorithms were compared with those obtained from de Vries model. The amplitude decay algorithm yielded the most reliable values of the soil thermal properties of all the estimation methods with mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and relative maximum error (RME) of 0.04, 0.05 and 5.63% respectively for soil thermal conductivity. Harmonic algorithm (using the amplitude of the first 4 harmonics) gave values of the soil thermal properties next to the amplitude decay algorithm with MAE, RMSE and RME values 0.41, 0.44 and 47.84% respectively for soil thermal conductivity.Higher error values were associated with the other algorithms. The Arctangent algorithm gave the most deviated values of soil thermal properties with RME of 156.83% for soil thermal conductivity. For soil moisture content between 0.168 and 0.189 (> critical soil moisture content) the values of the soil thermal properties of the loamy sand decreased with increasing soil moisture, while they increased with increasing soil aeration.

show abstract

Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Thunderstorm Activity Over Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Climate Variability Impact on the Frequency of Occurrence of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern Nigeria

Climate Variability Impact on the Frequency of Occurrence of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northern Nigeria

Association of Rainfall and Stability Index with Lightning Parameter over the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Validation of analytical algorithms for the estimation of soil thermal properties using de Vries model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About