Seasonal and spatial variability in the optical characteristics of DOM in a temperate shelf sea

Carr, Nealy; Davis, Clare E.; Blackbird, Sabena; Daniels, Lucie; Preece, Calum; Woodward, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.02.025

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the Celtic Sea, up to 30% of DOC at the shelf edge is of terrestrial origin FIGURE 5 | The key knowledge gaps and research priorities in the contemporary carbon budget for the north west European shelf. (Carr et al, 2018), whereas a study in the North Sea suggests that little tDOC reaches the open ocean (Painter et al, 2018). These contrasting results suggest that regional dynamics play an important role in the transport of terrigenous material across the shelf.…”

Section: Pelagic Stocks and Processesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The water column of the NWES is strongly spatially and seasonally variable with respect to carbon stocks and flows. Strong interannual variability has also been observed in both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and air-sea CO 2 fluxes (Clargo et al, 2015;Hartman et al, 2018;Carr et al, 2018;Humphreys et al, 2018;Chaichana et al, 2019;Kitidis et al, 2019). Because of this variability and the patchy coverage of data (both in time and space), the water column was treated as a single box in the budget.…”

Section: Scope and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting enrichment in DIC of a few percent contributes to the export of carbon off the shelf. DOC stocks are much smaller but show greater variability and may play an important role in off-shelf export (Carr et al, 2018;Humphreys et al, 2018;Chaichana et al, 2019). The pelagic system is therefore important in the shelf carbon cycle due to the processes which fix carbon from the atmosphere and physical circulation which removes this carbon to the open ocean, where it can be stored for centuries or longer.…”

Section: • the Pelagic System Drives Carbon Uptake Burial And Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of much recent progress in understanding shelf carbon cycling on the NWES (e.g., Stahl et al, 2004;Thomas et al, 2005;Johnson et al, 2013;Hale et al, 2017;Hicks et al, 2017;Carr et al, 2018;Humphreys et al, 2018;Chaichana et al, 2019;Davis et al, 2019;García-Martín et al, 2019), there is still a great deal of uncertainty in both the mechanisms governing carbon dynamics and the magnitudes of contemporary carbon stocks and flows, as well as their responses to future change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

et al. 2020

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A carbon budget for the northwest European continental shelf seas (NWES) was synthesized using available estimates for coastal, pelagic and benthic carbon stocks and flows. Key uncertainties were identified and the effect of future impacts on the carbon budget were assessed. The water of the shelf seas contains between 210 and 230 Tmol of carbon and absorbs between 1.3 and 3.3 Tmol from the atmosphere annually. Offshelf transport and burial in the sediments account for 60-100 and 0-40% of carbon outputs from the NWES, respectively. Both of these fluxes remain poorly constrained by observations and resolving their magnitudes and relative importance is a key research priority. Pelagic and benthic carbon stocks are dominated by inorganic carbon. Shelf sediments contain the largest stock of carbon, with between 520 and 1600 Tmol stored in the top 0.1 m of the sea bed. Coastal habitats such as salt marshes and mud flats contain large amounts of carbon per unit area but their total carbon stocks are small compared to pelagic and benthic stocks due to their smaller spatial extent. The large pelagic stock of carbon will continue to increase due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO 2 , with associated pH decrease. Pelagic carbon stocks and flows are also likely to be significantly affected by increasing acidity and temperature, and circulation changes but the net impact is uncertain. Benthic carbon stocks will be affected by increasing temperature and acidity, and decreasing oxygen concentrations, although the net impact of these interrelated changes on carbon stocks is uncertain and a major knowledge gap. The impact of bottom trawling on benthic carbon stocks Frontiers in Marine Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 March 2020 | Volume 7 | Article 143Legge et al.Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf is unique amongst the impacts we consider in that it is widespread and also directly manageable, although its net effect on the carbon budget is uncertain. Coastal habitats are vulnerable to sea level rise and are strongly impacted by management decisions. Local, national and regional actions have the potential to protect or enhance carbon storage, but ultimately global governance, via controls on emissions, has the greatest potential to influence the long-term fate of carbon stocks in the northwestern European continental shelf.

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Section: Pelagic Stocks and Processesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Scope and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • the Pelagic System Drives Carbon Uptake Burial And Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

et al. 2020

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“…The canonical view is that seasonal stratification in the Celtic Sea is a response to a competition between surface heating and vertical mixing processes (tides, wind, and surface heat loss driving convective mixing). In spring a positive net heat flux leads to the onset of stratification (Pingree et al, 1976 and1977;Sharples et al, 2006;Wihsgott et al, 2019) and triggers the spring bloom (Carr et al, 2019;Garcia-Martin et al, 2019;Pingree et al, 1977), which continues until nutrients are depleted in the euphotic layer (Pemberton et al, 2004;Poulton et al, 2019). Throughout summer heat input enhances stratification and later in autumn stratification weakens as heat loss and wind stress deepen the surface mixed layer until reaching a fully mixed water column in winter (Wihsgott et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind‐Driven Strain Extends Seasonal Stratification

Ruiz‐Castillo¹,

Sharples

Hopkins

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The onset and breakdown of stratification are key physical drivers of phytoplankton growth in shelf seas and the open ocean. We show how in the Celtic Sea, where seasonality in stratification is generally viewed as controlled by heat input, a cross‐shelf salinity gradient horizontally strained by the wind prolonged the stratified period by 5–6 days in autumn prior to full winter mixing, while in spring caused seasonal stratification to begin 7 days early. Salinity straining has important implications for setting light conditions during the start of the spring bloom and for the timing of bottom‐water ventilation in winter. Analysis of winds around the time of likely onset of spring stratification between 1979 and 2016 showed that in 60% of the years' wind conditions were favorable for salinity straining. Accurate knowledge of the horizontal salinity field and wind stress are required to correctly determine the onset and breakdown of stratification.

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Water aging and the quality of organic carbon sources drive niche partitioning of the active bathypelagic prokaryotic microbiome

Sebastián,

Sánchez,

Salazar

et al. 2024

Limnology & Oceanography

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Due to the scarcity of organic matter (OM) sources in the bathypelagic (1000–4000 m depth), prokaryotic metabolism is believed to be concentrated on particles originating from the surface. However, the structure of active bathypelagic prokaryotic communities and how it changes across environmental gradients remains unexplored. Using a combination of 16S rRNA gene and transcripts sequencing, metagenomics, and substrate uptake potential measurements, here we aimed to explore how water masses aging and the quality of OM influence the structure of the active microbiome, and the potential implications for community function. We found that the relative contribution of taxa with a free‐living lifestyle to the active microbiome increased in older water masses that were enriched in recalcitrant OM, suggesting that these prokaryotes may also play a substantial role in the bathypelagic metabolism of vast areas of the ocean. In comparison to particle‐associated prokaryotes, free‐living prokaryotes exhibited lower potential metabolic rates, and harbored a limited number of two‐component sensory systems, suggesting they have less ability to sense and respond to environmental cues. In contrast, particle‐associated prokaryotes carried genes for particle colonization and carbohydrate utilization that were absent in prokaryotes with a free‐living lifestyle. Consistently, we observed that prokaryotic communities inhabiting older waters displayed reduced abilities to colonize particles, and higher capabilities to use complex carbon sources, compared to communities in waters with a higher proportion of labile OM. Our results provide evidence of regionalization of the bathypelagic active prokaryotic microbiome, unveiling a niche partitioning based on the quality of OM.

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Seasonal and spatial variability in the optical characteristics of DOM in a temperate shelf sea

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

Wind‐Driven Strain Extends Seasonal Stratification

Water aging and the quality of organic carbon sources drive niche partitioning of the active bathypelagic prokaryotic microbiome

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