Seasonal and Nutritional Influences on Growth Hormone and Thyroid Activity in White-Tailed Deer

Bahnak, Bruce R.; Holland, Jack; Verme, Louis J.; Ozoga, John J.

doi:10.2307/3807882

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While no clear seasonal variations in plasma T4 levels in deer were found by most authors [Bubenik and Bubenik, 1978;Brown et al, 1983;Bubenik and Leatherland, 1984;Hamr and Bubenik, unpublished observation], few others have reported a seasonal rhythm [Bahnak et al, 1981;Watkins et al , 19831. This discrepancy might be due to climatic or nutritional conditions in different research facilities.…”

Section: Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

Bubenik

Smith

Schams

1986

Journal of Pineal Research

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Five milligrams of melatonin (M) per day was administered orally to four male white-tailed deer on a schedule that mimicked first decreasing and then increasing lengths of natural photoperiod. The following seasonal phenotypic and hormonal responses were observed: Pelage exchange, antler mineralization, velvet shedding, and rutting behavior of experimental animals were advanced by 50-55 days. Prolactin (PRL) levels exhibited a bimodal curve with peaks in May and August, as compared to a monomodal curve of controls (peak in June). Peak FSH levels of M-fed deer were advanced 2 months as compared to controls (June vs August). LH concentrations of both groups reached maxima in July; however, in the experimental group, LH levels declined much faster than in controls and then rose again in October-November. Testosterone (T) concentrations of M-fed bucks were elevated 2 months ahead of controls. Melatonin treatment had no significant effect on seasonal variation of T3, or T4. No seasonal rhythm of cortisol was seen in either group and no detectable effect of M was evident. No statistical differences in levels of alkaline phosphatase were seen between groups, although concentrations in experimental bucks sharply dropped to basal levels two months ahead of controls.

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Section: Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

Bubenik

Smith

Schams

1986

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…This may be because not enough samples were studied or that they were not collected at the exact postpartum time when the transient rise occurred. On the contrary, the frequent and precise sampling practiced by Davicco et al (1982) (Balsam and Ingbar, 1979 ;Kaplan and Utiger, 1978 ;Naito et al, 1981) and piglets (Slebodzinski et al, 1982), has been shown to result in a decrease of circulating T3 in these species (Chopra, 1980 ;Hastings and Zeman, 1979 ;Heinen et al, 1981 andSlebodzinski et al, 1982, respectively) ; this phenomenon has also been shown in humans (Azizi, 1978 ;Burman et al, 1979 ;Suda et al, 1978), adult sheep (Blum et al, 1980), growing bulls Tveit and Almlid, 1980), deer (Bahnak et al, 1981), chickens (May, 1978) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An increase was noted in humans (Azizi, 1978 ;Burman et al, 1979 ;Suda et al, 1978), birds (May, 1978 ;Almeida and Thomas, 1981) and rabbits (Takagi et al 1978), but rats (Chopra, 1980 ;Hastings and Zeman, 1979 ;Heinen et al, 1981), piglets (Slebodzinski et al, 1982) and ruminants (Bahnak et al, 1981 ;Blum et a/., 1980 ;Tveit and Almlid, 1980) show a decrease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal levels of plasma thyroxine in male and female calves fed a colostrum or immunoglobulin diet or fasted for the first 28 hours of life

Grongnet¹,

Grongnet-Pinchon²,

Witowski³

1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…For example, captive animals with low energy reserves generally have high GC and low T3 levels (Bahnak et al. , Kitaysky et al. , Douyon and Schteingart , Daminet et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐dependent behavior alters endocrine–energy relationship: implications for conservation and management

Jesmer

Goheen

Monteith

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Glucocorticoids (GC) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two endocrine markers commonly used to quantify resource limitation, yet the relationships between these markers and the energetic state of animals has been studied primarily in small-bodied species in captivity. Free-ranging animals, however, adjust energy intake in accordance with their energy reserves, a behavior known as state-dependent foraging. Further, links between life-history strategies and metabolic allometries cause energy intake and energy reserves to be more strongly coupled in small animals relative to large animals. Because GC and T3 may reflect energy intake or energy reserves, state-dependent foraging and body size may cause endocrine-energy relationships to vary among taxa and environments. To extend the utility of endocrine markers to large-bodied, free-ranging animals, we evaluated how state-dependent foraging, energy reserves, and energy intake influenced fecal GC and fecal T3 concentrations in free-ranging moose (Alces alces). Compared with individuals possessing abundant energy reserves, individuals with few energy reserves had higher energy intake and high fecal T3 concentrations, thereby supporting state-dependent foraging. Although fecal GC did not vary strongly with energy reserves, individuals with higher fecal GC tended to have fewer energy reserves and substantially greater energy intake than those with low fecal GC. Consequently, individuals with greater energy intake had both high fecal T3 and high fecal GC concentrations, a pattern inconsistent with previous documentation from captive animal studies. We posit that a positive relationship between GC and T3 may be expected in animals exhibiting state-dependent foraging if GC is associated with increased foraging and energy intake. Thus, we recommend that additional investigations of GC- and T3-energy relationships be conducted in free-ranging animals across a diversity of body size and life-history strategies before these endocrine markers are applied broadly to wildlife conservation and management.

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Seasonal and Nutritional Influences on Growth Hormone and Thyroid Activity in White-Tailed Deer

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

Neonatal levels of plasma thyroxine in male and female calves fed a colostrum or immunoglobulin diet or fasted for the first 28 hours of life

State‐dependent behavior alters endocrine–energy relationship: implications for conservation and management

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Seasonal and Nutritional Influences on Growth Hormone and Thyroid Activity in White-Tailed Deer

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T3, T4, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T3, T4, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

Neonatal levels of plasma thyroxine in male and female calves fed a colostrum or immunoglobulin diet or fasted for the first 28 hours of life

State‐dependent behavior alters endocrine–energy relationship: implications for conservation and management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase

The Effect of Orally Administered Melatonin on the Seasonality of Deer Pelage Exchange, Antler Development, LH, FSH, Prolactin, Testosterone, T₃, T₄, Cortisol, and Alkaline Phosphatase