“…Despite the social benefits that have been obtained from the Atlantic coastal region adjacent to the Mondego River, its present ecosystem services are in danger as a result of multiple pressures from natural and human origin (Teixeira et al, 2014), such as water flow control, through a series of dams and channels (Mantas et al, 2013), water extraction for irrigation projects (Pinto et al, 2013a), organic enrichment from nitrogen and phosphorus (Flindt et al, 1997, Teixeira and, landfills and dredging/sand extraction (Cunha et al, 1998(Cunha et al, , 2006, fisheries (Pinto et al, 2013a), contaminants and marine litter inputs (Bessa et al, 2018;Botelho et al, 2019), presence of invasive species (Franco et al, 2012), sea level rise (Loureiro et al, 2017) and impacts from navigation and harbor activities, such as noise and contaminants (Ceia et al, 2013;Mantas et al, 2013).…”