Seasonal and ENSO variations of sea surface salinity and temperature in the South Pacific Convergence Zone during 1976–2000

Gouriou, Yves; Delcroix, Thierry

doi:10.1029/2001jc000830

Cited by 82 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…3e). This δ 18 O ENSO signal results from the northeastward (southwestward) shift of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) of enhanced precipitation and the westward (eastward) movement of the southwestern tropical Pacific salinity front during El Niño (La Niña) events 30 . The HS1 coral lived in a water depth of ≤10 m, more likely in ≤5 m (ref.…”

Section: °Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1

et al. 2012

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The early last glacial termination was characterized by intense North Atlantic cooling and weak overturning circulation. This interval between similar to 18,000 and 14,600 years ago, known as Heinrich Stadial 1, was accompanied by a disruption of global climate and has been suggested as a key factor for the termination. However, the response of interannual climate variability in the tropical Pacific (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) to Heinrich Stadial 1 is poorly understood. Here we use Sr/Ca in a fossil Tahiti coral to reconstruct tropical South Pacific sea surface temperature around 15,000 years ago at monthly resolution. Unlike today, interannual South Pacific sea surface temperature variability at typical El Niño-Southern Oscillation periods was pronounced at Tahiti. Our results indicate that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation was active during Heinrich Stadial 1, consistent with climate model simulations of enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation variability at that time. Furthermore, a greater El Niño-Southern Oscillation influence in the South Pacific during Heinrich Stadial 1 is suggested, resulting from a southward expansion or shift of El Niño-Southern Oscillation sea surface temperature anomalies

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Section: °Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1

et al. 2012

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“…L'analyse s'appuie sur l'étude de corrélation entre les anomalies de précipitation ou de débits et l'Indice d'Oscillation Australe (Southern Oscillation Index en anglais, noté SOI), anomalie standardisée de la différence de pression au niveau de la mer entre Tahiti (Pacifique sud-est) et Darwin (Pacifique sud-ouest) qui est un indicateur reconnu des épisodes El Niño/La Niña. Nos résultats confortent les analyses effectuées précédemment sur les anomalies de précipitation et de débits en Nouvelle-Calédonie [13] et sur les anomalies de précipitation dans le Pacifique sud-ouest [7].…”

Section: Pluies Et Débitsunclassified

“…Les variations de salinité des eaux océaniques pénétrant dans le lagon sont plus importantes avec ENSO que suivant le cycle saisonnier [3,7]. Elles se traduisent par une baisse de salinité en période La Niña.…”

Section: Distribution Spatiale De La Salinité Et Sa Variabilitéunclassified

“…Gouriou and Delcroix [7] described seasonal and ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) variations of SSS (Sea Surface Salinity) and SST in the southwestern tropical Pacific, and Delcroix and Lenormand [3] have analyzed the seasonal and ENSO variations in SSS and SST at one location within the SLNC. In this paper, we analyze spatial variations in salinity and temperature distributions within the SLNC against seasonal and ENSO-related variations of oceanic SSS and SST.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of regional variations in salinity and temperature in a coral reef lagoon, New Caledonia

Ouillon

Douillet

Fichez

et al. 2005

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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The variability in salinity and temperature in the southwest lagoon of New Caledonia (2,100 km 2 ) under non-storm conditions is analyzed using a 4-year data set (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001). Seasonal and interannual variations in salinity are amplified near shore.Temperature is larger in bays than in the open lagoon during summer, the reverse is true in winter. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related nearshore temperature variations parallel those at regional scale, but with seasonal variations amplified. Haline stratification, if any, is enhanced in coastal areas. RésuméLes distributions de salinité et de température dans le lagon sud-ouest de NouvelleCalédonie (2100 km 2 ) sont analysées en regard de leurs variations régionales à partir de 4 ans de mesures (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001). Les variations saisonnières et interannuelles de salinité sont amplifiées à la côte. La température est plus élevée près de la côte qu'en milieu de lagon en été austral et y est plus faible en hiver. Le phénomène ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) amplifie ces variations. En cas de stratification haline, celle-ci est également amplifiée à la côte. Les baies jouent ainsi un rôle de caisse de résonance dans le fonctionnement physique du lagon, avec des répercussions tant dans la répartition des espèces que dans la vulnérabilité des milieux (blanchissement des coraux).

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“…Because the gradients of precipitation in the vicinity of the SPCZ are very strong, small displacements in its mean position can imply drastic changes in precipitation regimes for islands in the region (Gouriou and Delcroix 2002). Its location not only strongly constrains the hydrological cycle but is also the breeding ground of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and implications for tropical cyclone genesis

et al. 2009

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The interannual variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and its influence on tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the South Pacific are investigated using observations and ERA40 reanalysis over the 1979-2002 period. In austral summer, the SPCZ displays four typical structures at interannual timescales. The first three are characterized by a diagonal orientation of the SPCZ and account for 85% of the summer seasons. One is close to climatology and the other two exhibit a 3°northward or southward departure from the SPCZ climatological position. In contrast, the fourth one, that only encompasses three austral summer seasons (the extreme 1982/1983 and 1997/1998 El Niño events and the moderate 1991/1992 El Niño event), displays very peculiar behaviour where the SPCZ largely departs from its climatological position and is zonally oriented. Variability of the western/central Pacific equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) is shown to modulate moisture transport south of the equator, thereby strongly constraining the location of the SPCZ. The SPCZ location is also shown to strongly modulate the atmospheric circulation variability in the South Pacific with specific patterns for each class. However, independently of its wide year-to-year excursions, the SPCZ is always collocated with the zero relative vorticity at low levels while the maximum vorticity axis lies 6°to the south of the SPCZ position. This coherent atmospheric organisation in the SPCZ region is shown to constrain tropical cyclogenesis to occur preferentially within 10°south of the SPCZ location as this region combines all the large-scale atmospheric conditions that favour the breeding of TCs. This analysis also reveals that cyclogenesis in the central Pacific (in the vicinity of French Polynesia) only occurs when the SPCZ displays a zonal orientation while this observation was previously attributed to El Niño years in general. Different characteristics of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related Pacific equatorial warming are shown to impact differently on the SPCZ position, suggesting that for regional scales, such as the South Pacific, the SPCZ classification is more appropriate than a simple ENSO index to characterize TC interannual variability. These findings suggest that forecasting the strength of El Niño through SST variations in the eastern Pacific may not be sufficient to accurately predict cyclogenesis in the South Pacific, especially east of the dateline.

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Seasonal and ENSO variations of sea surface salinity and temperature in the South Pacific Convergence Zone during 1976–2000

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1

Pronounced interannual variability in tropical South Pacific temperatures during Heinrich Stadial 1

Enhancement of regional variations in salinity and temperature in a coral reef lagoon, New Caledonia

Interannual variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and implications for tropical cyclone genesis

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