Seasonal and diurnal leaf orientation, bifacial sunlight incidence, and leaf structure in the sand dune herb Hydrocotyle bonariensis

Joesting, Heather M.; Sprague, Michael O.; Smith, William K.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.06.013

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ipomoea imperati is also tolerant of heat, drought, wind, and salt spray. Hydrocotyle bonariensis , observed at all transects, irrespective of distance from the shore, is a burial-tolerant stabilizer with rhizomatous growth and may serve more of a dune stabilizing role than previously supposed (Joesting, 2009; Wyatt, unpublished). Oenothera humisifua , observed at the Inlet and the West Area where the widest dune fields were present, is another forb noted for dune formation and stabilization (Davis, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Impacts of Hurricane Isaias (2020) on Geomorphology and Vegetation Communities of Natural and Planted Dunes in North Carolina

Shiflett

Backstrom

2023

Journal of Coastal Research

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Shiflett, S.A. and Backstrom, J.T., 2023. Impacts of Hurricane Isaias (2020) on geomorphology and vegetation communities of natural and planted dunes in North Carolina. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 587–609. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208.Coastal dunes serve a crucial role in reducing inland flooding, slowing shoreline erosion, and acting as a physical barrier to protect developed coastal communities from storm-related impacts. Dunes also provide critical habitat for several shoreline species. High magnitude storms such as hurricanes and nor'easters can have profound and long-lasting impacts on low-lying coastal areas, ranging from minor and temporary beach erosion to complete devastation of entire barrier island systems. This study documents direct impacts of Category 1 Hurricane Isaias (2020), one of the strongest tropical storms to directly hit the region, on coastal dune geomorphology and vegetation of Holden Beach, a south-facing barrier island located in SE North Carolina. Impacts were investigated using a combination of pre- and poststorm real-time kinematic dune profiles, vegetation cover and type transects, prestorm high-resolution drone imagery, and poststorm National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration aerial imagery. Dominant geomorphological impacts included a variety of depositional and erosional effects, which were more prominent along artificially renourished and planted coastal segments compared to adjacent natural dune systems. Geomorphological changes subsequently reduced poststorm dune vegetation density. Yet, reduced impact on vegetation species abundance (i.e. stem density) was evident at a wider, stabilized dune area, which lacked human management, compared with narrower, less mature, and actively managed (i.e. fenced and/or planted) dune areas. Dune grasses were more resilient to Hurricane Isaias than forbs; however, several volunteer forb species, noted for dune stabilization abilities, were present at unmanaged dunes. Results indicate planting a diverse palette of native coastal species, which when co-occurring fill a variety of functional roles, will increase dune resilience to tropical storms. This study provides important insights into optimizing dune management strategies for developed barrier islands and other low-lying temperate coastal regions, which may be susceptible to ongoing sea-level rise and high-energy storm events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Impacts of Hurricane Isaias (2020) on Geomorphology and Vegetation Communities of Natural and Planted Dunes in North Carolina

Shiflett

Backstrom

2023

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…Additionally, plants in coastal sanddune habitats are often exposed to high levels of incident sunlight with little to no canopy cover, whereas plants in inland coastal plain habitats are often exposed to variable incident sunlight with at least some canopy cover (Chiarello and Joesting 2018;Joesting et al 2012Joesting et al , 2016. Too little incident sunlight can lead to reduced photosynthesis, while too much incident sunlight may result in photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (Joesting et al 2012). Finally, the sand-dune habitat is characterized by salt spray, which can enter the aboveground tissues of plants through abrasions or stomata, resulting in an increase in sodium ions within plant tissue (Boyce 1954, Lowry et al 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference in soil moisture and nutrient availability between the 2 habitats may lead to different patterns of biomass allocation, root morphology, and/or petiole and leaf cell size (Sultan and Bazzaz 1993a, b). Additionally, plants in coastal sand-dune habitats are often exposed to high levels of incident sunlight with little to no canopy cover, whereas plants in inland coastal plain habitats are often exposed to variable incident sunlight with at least some canopy cover (Chiarello and Joesting 2018; Joesting et al 2012, 2016). Too little incident sunlight can lead to reduced photosynthesis, while too much incident sunlight may result in photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (Joesting et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity among Largeleaf Pennywort (Hydrocotyle bonariensis) Populations Occupying Different Habitats in Coastal Georgia

Kim,

Parsons,

Joesting

2023

Southeastern Naturalist

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Hydrocotyle bonariensis (Largeleaf Pennywort) is a clonal perennial herb often found within its native range in multiple habitats that may differ in environmental factors. Plants can respond to the local environment through phenotypic plasticity, which results in different phenotypes in response to different environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the role of phenotypic plasticity in the ability of Largeleaf Pennywort to occupy multiple habitats in coastal Georgia, specifically coastal sand dune and inland coastal plain habitats. We assessed leaf morphology for plants in both their native habitats and also under greenhouse conditions in response to different soils and salt spray. Results showed marked differences in leaf morphology between plants in the different native habitats, and the greenhouse study suggested that plants responded plastically to soil through tissue modifications related to water storage. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity likely plays an important role in the ability of Largleaf Pennywort to occupy multiple habitats in coastal Georgia.

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“…The type of movement can shift across seasons and diurnally. Over the course of a day, for example, diaheliotropic movement can position leaves to intercept more light in the morning but later switch to paraheliotropic movement that then positions leaves to avoid direct sunlight in the middle of the day (e.g., Forseth and Ehleringer 1982;Forseth and Teramura 1986;Pritchard and Forseth 1988;Joesting et al 2012;Foster et al 2013). Studies have demonstrated that diurnal leaf movement can benefit leaf carbon gain (Mooney and Ehleringer 1978;Forseth and Ehleringer 1983;Greer and Thorpe 2009;Zhang et al 2009;Habermann et al 2011) and increase seed production (dos Santos et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A6). Palisade cell distribution has been associated with the direction and quality of light across a range of species (Vogelmann and Martin 1993) and has been shown to be correlated with three-dimensional leaf shape and leaf orientation (Smith et al 1997(Smith et al , 1998Ustin et al 2001;Habermann et al 2011;Joesting et al 2012). It is likely that dissected leaves present an additional advantage in late spring, prior to leaf senescence, when rainfall declines and ambient temperatures increase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extent of Solar Tracking Differs between Two Co-occurring Congeneric Geophytes That Differ in Leaf Shape

Mocko

Nicotra

Jones

2018

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. By adjusting leaf angles to orient toward or away from the sun, solar tracking modifies direct light interception, which consequently modifies leaf temperature. Leaf temperature is also influenced by leaf shape, due to its effect on heat transfer across boundary layers. Two co-occurring, closely related geophytic species of Pelargonium that differ dramatically in leaf shape were observed to exhibit differences in diurnal leaf movements. We asked whether leaf movements were consistent with solar tracking, whether they differed between the two species, and whether leaf shape and movement interacted to influence leaf temperature. Methodology. We measured solar tracking, leaf temperatures, stomatal conductance, and light interception across a diurnal time course in midwinter in the field at De Hoop Nature Reserve in South Africa. Pivotal results. Highly dissected leaves of P. triste moved to track the sun more closely than shallowly lobed leaves of P. lobatum. In contrast to predictions based on leaf energy budget calculations, average diurnal temperatures for both leaf shapes remained close to ambient, with the only significant deviation occurring early in the morning in P. triste. The best model predicting the extent of leaf temperature difference from ambient included leaf shape, leaf movement, and the proportion of the leaf surface receiving direct light, and, notably, the interaction between leaf shape and movement. Conclusions. Leaf three-dimensionality interacts with movement to dictate direct light absorption, and all are critical to fully understanding leaf thermal profiles of nonflat leaves under field conditions.

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Seasonal and diurnal leaf orientation, bifacial sunlight incidence, and leaf structure in the sand dune herb Hydrocotyle bonariensis

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Impacts of Hurricane Isaias (2020) on Geomorphology and Vegetation Communities of Natural and Planted Dunes in North Carolina

Impacts of Hurricane Isaias (2020) on Geomorphology and Vegetation Communities of Natural and Planted Dunes in North Carolina

The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity among Largeleaf Pennywort (Hydrocotyle bonariensis) Populations Occupying Different Habitats in Coastal Georgia

Extent of Solar Tracking Differs between Two Co-occurring Congeneric Geophytes That Differ in Leaf Shape

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