Seasonal and Diel Activity Patterns of Eight Sympatric Mammals in Northern Japan Revealed by an Intensive Camera-Trap Survey

Ikeda, Takashi; Uchida, K.; Matsuura, Yukiko; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Terutoyo; Kaji, Koichi; Koizumi, Itsuro

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163602

Cited by 94 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The duration of these periods is different for various authors. Some take a twilight time interval with the duration of 120 minutes before and after sunrise and sunset, respectively (Bridges et al, 2004) or 60 minutes as well (Romero-Muñoz et al, 2010;Gerber et al, 2012;Ross et al, 2013;Ikeda et al, 2016). Others consider under twilight the time from morning twilight to sunrise and from sunset to evening twilight, defining the period between sunrise and sunset as daytime (Munro et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like in many other similar studies we used the approach developed by Ridout & Linkie (2009) to estimate the activity patterns of each species using kernel density analysis (Foster et al, 2013;Ross et al, 2013;Bu et al, 2016;Ikeda et al, 2016;Porfirio et al, 2016;Marcon et al, 2017). This is a non-parametric method for evaluating the probability density function of a random variable (Worton, 1989), time of capture in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summer it had a high diurnal activity, and in winter it led a strictly nocturnal lifestyle. That is why in the CFNR the hare had a bit another activity pattern than that in Hokkaido (Japan), where it was clearly inactive during daytime (Ikeda et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For forest-covered and impassable territories of many Russian nature reserves, the most optimal solution is the use of camera traps. This is an effective and accessible tool to study the behaviour and activity of mammals, already tested for many species in the world (Carthew & Slater, 1991;Alexy et al, 2003;Bridges et al, 2004;Claridge et al, 2004;Bridges & Noss, 2011;Crowley et al, 2013;Ikeda et al, 2016;Marcon et al, 2017). For the last ten years camera traps have become widely used in Russia (Rozhnov et al, 2012;Soutyrina et al, 2013;Matyukhina et al, 2016;Ogurtsov & Zheltukhin, 2017;Zaumyslova & Bondarchuk, 2017), but detailed studies of daily activity based on this method are known so far only for badgers (Meles sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have been conducted which investigate the influence of anthropogenic factor on the daily rhythms of small, medium and large mammals (Lendrum et al, 2017). The studies of daily activities of sympatric mammalian species using camera traps have been carried out in Taiwan (Chen et al, 2009), Madagascar (Gerber et al, 2012), Northern Japan (Ikeda et al, 2016), South-west China (Bu et al, 2016) and Romania (Marcon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Ogurtsov¹,

Zheltukhin²,

Kotlov³

2018

Nat. Cons. Res.

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Here are presented the results of the analysis of daily activity patterns obtained from the data of camera traps for five large mammals (elk Alces alces, wild boar Sus scrofa, brown bear Ursus arctos, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx) and three medium ones (European badger Meles meles, raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, mountain hare Lepus timidus) for the territory of the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia. Data were collected in the period 2010-2017 and the trap effort was 30 158 camera days from 21 locations. Most of the mammals surveyed showed activity at night and twilight hours (71% of the pictures). The hare was most active among all and dominant at night. In many respects it is similar to the activity of a raccoon dog, which type can be defined as nocturnal too. Unlike a hare, a raccoon dog has a weak peak in the daytime and less activity in the night. Badgers movements are confined to the twilight and nighttime. The share of nocturnal activity of large ungulates such as elk and wild boar was approximately the same and amounted to about 45% of all registrations. The wild boar is slightly more active during the day and in the evening and is not active at all in the morning. The elk is active in the morning, and in the daytime and to a lesser extent in the evening. The lynx and the bear have similar cathemeral activity patterns: almost half of all their meetings occurred at daylight hours and only slightly -less than 40% -at night. The brown bear had the maximum number of registrations in the daytime among all the studied species. Despite the fact that the main object of lynx feeding in the reserve is the hare, there was no high degree of overlap between them ( = 0.75). In the group of large carnivores, the wolf was noticeably distinguished, more than half of its registrations were at night, and a third -on daytime. Daily activities of the wolf and its main prey elk showed a large overlap ( = 0.89). The seasonal variations of daily activity of all species were also shown. According to the results of factor analysis, each of the studied species was divided into one of three separate groups. The first group included species with a tendency to nocturnal activity (wolf, elk, hare, badger, and raccoon dog), the second group -cathemeral animals (bear and lynx). In the third group was only the wild boar, whose activity was associated with the evening hours. This is the first long-term continuous camera trap survey in Russia and it provides detailed daily activity patterns for multiple large and medium-sized sympatric mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Ogurtsov¹,

Zheltukhin²,

Kotlov³

2018

Nat. Cons. Res.

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Occupancy, density, and activity patterns of a Critically Endangered leopard population on the Kawthoolei‐Thailand border

Montgomery¹,

Stokes²,

K'lu³

et al. 2023

Population Ecology

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Large carnivores have been largely extirpated from Southeast Asia due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and poaching. Estimating the density of endangered carnivore populations, and identifying relationships between species occupancy and both environmental and anthropogenic factors, is essential for effective conservation planning. Recently, the IUCN conservation status of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) was upgraded to “Critically Endangered.” We surveyed Kweekoh Wildlife Sanctuary in Kawthoolei, an area administered by the Karen ethnic group in eastern Myanmar, to quantify (1) leopard population density using spatially explicit mark‐resight (SMR) models, (2) leopard occupancy as influenced by important ecological variables, and (3) potential differences in activity between melanistic and spotted leopard morphs. Leopard density was estimated to be 1.39 ± SE 0.22/100 km2. Leopard occupancy (ψ = 0.43; 95% credible interval: 0.26–0.67) increased further from roads, at relatively higher elevations, and in areas with higher relative abundance of wild boar. Leopard activity was cathemeral, with higher activity during night hours, and significant overlap (Δ = 0.84; 95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.96) between melanistic and spotted morphs. However, melanistic leopards were more active during twilight hours than spotted individuals whose activity did not significantly vary throughout the day. Indochinese leopard density estimates in Kweekoh were among the lowest reported from Southeast Asia. Leopard occupancy was highest in the sanctuary's core areas, suggesting the presence of negative anthropogenic impacts along the sanctuary borders. We suggest our low density estimates warrant immediate and decisive conservation action, including better protection for leopards, their habitat, and their prey.

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A comparison of camera trap and permanent recording video camera efficiency in wildlife underpasses

Jumeau

Petrod²,

Handrich

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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In the current context of biodiversity loss through habitat fragmentation, the effectiveness of wildlife crossings, installed at great expense as compensatory measures, is of vital importance for ecological and socio‐economic actors. The evaluation of these structures is directly impacted by the efficiency of monitoring tools (camera traps…), which are used to assess the effectiveness of these crossings by observing the animals that use them. The aim of this study was to quantify the efficiency of camera traps in a wildlife crossing evaluation. Six permanent recording video systems sharing the same field of view as six Reconyx HC600 camera traps installed in three wildlife underpasses were used to assess the exact proportion of missed events (event being the presence of an animal within the field of view), and the error rate concerning underpass crossing behavior (defined as either Entry or Refusal). A sequence of photographs was triggered by either animals (true trigger) or artefacts (false trigger). We quantified the number of false triggers that had actually been caused by animals that were not visible on the images (“false” false triggers). Camera traps failed to record 43.6% of small mammal events (voles, mice, shrews, etc.) and 17% of medium‐sized mammal events. The type of crossing behavior (Entry or Refusal) was incorrectly assessed in 40.1% of events, with a higher error rate for entries than for refusals. Among the 3.8% of false triggers, 85% of them were “false” false triggers. This study indicates a global underestimation of the effectiveness of wildlife crossings for small mammals. Means to improve the efficiency are discussed.

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Seasonal and Diel Activity Patterns of Eight Sympatric Mammals in Northern Japan Revealed by an Intensive Camera-Trap Survey

Cited by 94 publications

References 44 publications

Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Daily activity patterns of large and medium-sized mammals based on camera traps data in the Central Forest Nature Reserve, Valdai Upland, Russia

Occupancy, density, and activity patterns of a Critically Endangered leopard population on the Kawthoolei‐Thailand border

A comparison of camera trap and permanent recording video camera efficiency in wildlife underpasses

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