Seasonal and annual modeling of reduced nitrogen compounds over the eastern United States: Emissions, ambient levels, and deposition amounts

Mathur, Rohit; Dennis, Robin L.

doi:10.1029/2002jd002794

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Compared with R a and R b , R c is a significant factor determining V d of NO 2 (Wesely and Hicks, 2000). The canopy or surface resistance describes the uptake process at the surface and in turn is dependent on the vegetative characteristics of the underlying surface, with smaller R c for surfaces with stronger uptake (Mathur and Dennis, 2003). Therefore, the seasonal variation of V d for NO 2 was primarily caused by differences in surface conditions.…”

Section: Seasonal Variations Of V D For Gaseous N Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Emissions of reactive nitrogen (N) species can affect surrounding ecosystems via atmospheric deposition. However, few long-term and multi-site measurements have focused on both the wet and the dry deposition of individual N species in large areas of Northern China. Thus, the magnitude of atmospheric deposition of various N species in Northern China remains uncertain. In this study, the wet and dry atmospheric deposition of different N species was investigated during a three-year observation campaign at ten selected sites in Northern China. The results indicate that N deposition levels in Northern China were high with a ten-site, threeyear average of 60.6 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . The deposition levels showed spatial and temporal variation in the range of 28.5-100.4 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . Of the annual total deposition, 40 % was deposited via precipitation, and the remaining 60 % was comprised of dry-deposited forms. Compared with gaseous N species, particulate N species were not the major contributor of dry-deposited N; they contributed approximately 10 % to the total flux. On an annual basis, oxidized species accounted for 21 % of total N deposition, thereby implying that other forms of gaseous N, such as NH 3 , comprised a dominant portion of the total flux. The contribution of NO − 3 to N deposition was enhanced in certain urban and industrial areas, possibly due to the fossil fuse combustion. As expected, the total N deposition in Northern China was significantly larger than the values reported by national scale monitoring networks in Europe, North America and East Asia because of high rates of wet deposition and gaseous NH 3 dry deposition. Taken together, these findings show that NH 3 emissions should be abated to mitigate high N deposition and associated potential impacts on ecosystems in Northern China. The present results improve our understanding of spatio-temporal variations of magnitudes, pathways and species of deposited N in the target areas, and are important not only to inform conservation and regulatory bodies but also to initiate further detailed studies. Uncertainties among current observations underscore the need to quantify the impact of vegetation on dry deposition and to refine the simulation of dry deposition velocity.

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Section: Seasonal Variations Of V D For Gaseous N Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China

et al. 2012

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“…Such problems are not apparent in our study, possibly because forest sites are less affected by local ammonia emissions than the sites in more agricultural areas (see also Simpson et al, 2006). Mathur and Dennis (2003) considered model performance for sulphate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations and depositions over the Eastern United States using a modified version of the RADM model (Chang et al, 1987). Model results for SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 were found to be moderate to good (r 2 =0.4-0.7), but much worse for NH + 4 .…”

Section: Comparison With Other Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of modelled and monitored deposition fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen to ICP-forest sites in Europe

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The EMEP MSC-W Eulerian chemical transport model, and its predictions of deposition of acidifying and eutrophying pollutants over Europe, play a key role in the development of emission control strategies for Europe. It is important that this model is tested against observational data. Concerning precipitation, the EMEP model and ICP network showed very similar overall levels (within 4% for 1997 and 11% for 2000). The correlation was, however, poor (r 2 =0.15-0.23). This can be attributed largely to the influence of a few outliers, combined with a small range of rainfall amounts for most points. Correlations between modelled and observed deposition values in this study were rather high (r 2 values between 0.4-0.8 for most components and years), with mean values across all sites being within 30%. The EMEP model tends to give somewhat lower values for SO in precipitation are very similar on average (differences of 0-14%), with good correlation between modelled and observed data (r 2 =0.50-0.78). Differences between the EMEP model and ICP measurements are thought to arise from a mixture of problems with both the observations and model. However, the overall conclusion is that the EMEP model performs rather well in reproducing patterns of S and N deposition to European forests.

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“…NH x , consisting of gaseous NH 3 and particulate NH 4 ϩ , also constitute a sizable fraction (29%) of the total nitrogen deposition. NO x and organic NO z are present mostly in dry deposition, whereas inorganic NO z and NH x have large wet and dry components because of the relatively high solubility in water of HNO 3 and NH 3 and their high dry deposition velocities. Because the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur are interrelated, the annual dry and wet deposition rates of sulfur over Escambia Bay and watershed are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, NH 3 has a relatively high dry deposition velocity compared with particulate NH 4 ϩ , which exists primarily in submicron particles with a relatively low particle deposition velocity. 3 Consequently, particulate NH 4 ϩ can be transported over relatively large distances under nonprecipitating conditions because its primary atmospheric sink is wet scavenging and deposition. Thus, the increase in NH 3 dry deposition after SO 2 controls is significantly (Ͼ30 times) higher than the decrease in particulate NH 4 ϩ dry deposition, resulting in a net NH 3 disbenefit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulations with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model show that the sulfate removed because of SO 2 emission controls is not completely replaced by nitrate during winter in the eastern United States under the current NH 3 budget. 7 An associated sensitivity analysis also indicated that the relative response of nitrate to SO 2 emission reductions is more sensitive to errors in the total NH 3 budget ([NH 3 ] ϩ [NH 4 ϩ ]) and, hence, the NH 3 emissions inventory, than to errors in the total nitrate budget ([HNO 3 ] ϩ [NO 3 Ϫ ]). Simulations conducted by Tsimpidi et al 8 in the eastern United States show that reductions in SO 2 emissions result in an increase in particulate nitrate, especially during colder periods, because of the nonlinear sulfate response and consequently will not be as effective in reducing overall concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Case Study of the Relative Effects of Power Plant Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Reductions on Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

Vijayaraghavan

Seigneur

Bronson

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The contrasting effects of point source nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) air emission reductions on regional atmospheric nitrogen deposition are analyzed for the case study of a coal-fired power plant in the southeastern United States. The effect of potential emission reductions at the plant on nitrogen deposition to Escambia Bay and its watershed on the Florida-Alabama border is simulated using the three-dimensional Eulerian Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. A method to quantify the relative and individual effects of NO x versus SO 2 controls on nitrogen deposition using air quality modeling results obtained from the simultaneous application of NO x and SO 2 emission controls is presented and discussed using the results from CMAQ simulations conducted with NO x -only and SO 2 -only emission reductions; the method applies only to cases in which ambient inorganic nitrate is present mostly in the gas phase; that is, in the form of gaseous nitric acid (HNO 3 ). In such instances, the individual effects of NO x and SO 2 controls on nitrogen deposition can be approximated by the effects of combined NO x ϩ SO 2 controls on the deposition of NO y (the sum of oxidized nitrogen species) and reduced nitrogen species (NH x ), respectively. The benefit of controls at the plant in terms of the decrease in nitrogen deposition to Escambia Bay and watershed is less than 6% of the overall benefit due to regional Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) controls.

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Seasonal and annual modeling of reduced nitrogen compounds over the eastern United States: Emissions, ambient levels, and deposition amounts

Cited by 38 publications

References 61 publications

Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China

Wet and dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen at ten sites in Northern China

Comparison of modelled and monitored deposition fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen to ICP-forest sites in Europe

A Case Study of the Relative Effects of Power Plant Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur Dioxide Emission Reductions on Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition

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