Seasonal-accumulated growth and forage quality of range grasses for fall and winter grazing

Jensen, Kevin B.; Johnson, Douglas A.; Asay, K. H.; Olson, K. C.

doi:10.4141/p01-009

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Without exception, studies have shown that most stockpiled grasses do not meet the National Research Council (NRC) (NRC, ) minimum CP recommendations of 70 g/kg for ruminant livestock during the fall and winter (Jensen et al. , Jefferson et al. ) and that selection for increased DMY is associated with reduced CP and digestibility (White and Wright ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic and genetic diversity in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

et al. 2016

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Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D. R. Dewey] plant introductions (PI) have played a critical role in the development of improved intermediate wheatgrass cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize a large number of intermediate wheatgrass populations over its native range for dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and rhizome development and genetic diversity and structure to identify superior populations and possible geographical regions in which to collect. Analysis of molecular variance using 643 AFLP bands partitioned 31% of the total genetic variation among these populations with 69% variance detected within populations. Bayesian cluster analysis identified two large groups designated as Asian and European under K = 2. In general, European accessions had greater DMY than did Asian accessions. Observed trends were towards greater CP values in populations with Asian ancestry. Selection index values above zero were observed in populations with European ancestry, and the exception was the late‐maturing (208 days to bloom) populations with Asian ancestry. Plant populations 383 551, 383 561, 401 161, 401 173, 440 021, 578 692 (cv. Tegmar) and 598 740 had rhizome scores greater than 7.0. Despite significant differences detected between populations (ΦST = 0.3136; P < 0.001), there was strong indication of admixed co‐ancestry or possible gene flow between K = 2–9 models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic and genetic diversity in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

et al. 2016

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“…Because of the seasonal nature of cow reproduction, cows in these regions on forage-based production systems frequently experience nutrient deficiency during pregnancy because of limited forage availability on small farms and ranches, because of poor forage quality, and because nutritional supplementation is rarely used on small farms and ranches during early to midgestation (Thomas and Kott, 1995;Enk et al, 2001;Jensen et al, 2002). In contrast, nutrient supplementation of cows is often applied during late gestation (i.e., the final 60 to 90 d before calving; Hall, 1997).…”

Section: Fetal Programming and Beef Cattle Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fetal programming of skeletal muscle development in ruminant animals1

Tong

Zhao

et al. 2010

Journal of Animal Science

420

402

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Enhancing skeletal muscle growth is crucial for animal agriculture because skeletal muscle provides meat for human consumption. An increasing body of evidence shows that the level of maternal nutrition alters fetal skeletal muscle development, with long-term effects on offspring growth and performance. Fetal skeletal muscle development mainly involves myogenesis (i.e., muscle cell development), but also involves adipogenesis (i.e., adipocyte development) and fibrogenesis (i.e., fibroblast development). These tissues in fetal muscle are mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Shifting the commitment of MSC from myogenesis to adipogenesis increases intramuscular fat (i.e., marbling), improving the quality grade of meats. Strong experimental evidence indicates that Wingless and Int (Wnt)/beta-catenin signaling regulates MSC differentiation. Upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin promotes myogenesis, and downregulation enhances adipogenesis. A lack of nutrients in early to midgestation reduces the formation of secondary muscle fibers in ruminant animals. Nutrient deficiency during mid- to late gestation decreases the number of intramuscular adipocytes and muscle fiber sizes. Knowledge of this regulatory mechanism will allow the development of strategies to enhance muscle growth and marbling in offspring, especially in the setting of nutrient deficiency.

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“…These species display remarkable variation in stature and adaptation to harsh cold, dry, and saline environments. Basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus) and several other large-stature Leymus species including Altai wildrye (L. angustus) and mammoth wildrye (L. racemosus) have high biomass accumulation potential across a wide range of high-elevation or high-latitude growing environments of western North America (Jefferson et al 2002;Jensen et al 2002;Lauriault et al 2005), ideal for stockpiling fall and winter forage or biofuel feedstocks. Leymus cinereus is the largest (up to 2 m tall) native grass and most abundant Leymus species in the Great Basin, Rocky Mountain, and Intermountain regions of the western North America, where grazing livestock provide major agricultural commodities and heavily rely on natural or lowmaintenance forage production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative mapping of fiber, protein, and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families

Larson

Mayland²

2007

Mol Breeding

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Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and mineral content are important components of forage quality in grasses.substantially increase the risk of grass tetany (hypomagnesemia) in grazing animals, which is a serious problem associated with some cool-season grasses. The objectives of this study were to map and compare QTLs controlling concentrations of CP, NDF, ADF, Al, B, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Zn, and KRAT in two full-sib Leymus triticoides · (L. triticoides · L. cinereus) TTC1 and TTC2 families. Significant genetic variation and QTLs were detected for all traits, with evidence of conserved QTLs for ADF (LG1a, LG5Xm, LG7a), NDF (LG7a), Ca (LG1b), CP, (LG5Xm), KRAT (LG3b, LG6b, LG7a, LG7b), Mn (LG2b, LG3b, LG4Xm), and S (LG3a) content in both TTC1 and TTC2 families. Moreover, the direction of QTL effects was the same for 13 of the 14 homologous QTLs in both families. The TTC1 and TTC2 KRAT QTLs on LG7a and LG7b were located near markers defining homoeologous relationships between the sub-genomes of allotetraploid Leymus, suggesting possible QTL homoeology. Another 88 QTLs were unique to one family or the other, but many of these clustered in genome regions common between the two families. These results will support development of new Leymus wildrye forages and help characterize genes controlling mineral uptake and fiber synthesis.

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Seasonal-accumulated growth and forage quality of range grasses for fall and winter grazing

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Agronomic and genetic diversity in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

Agronomic and genetic diversity in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

Fetal programming of skeletal muscle development in ruminant animals1

Comparative mapping of fiber, protein, and mineral content QTLs in two interspecific Leymus wildrye full-sib families

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