Seasonal Abundance ofTabanus calensand Other Tabanidae (Diptera) Near Snake Mountain, Addison County, Vermont

Abstract

Introduction: Before lunar samples were returned to Earth, it was shown that linear polarization curves and albedo measurements of the moon and asteroids could be used to predict the regolith surface texture of these bodies [1]. The prediction that lunar mare regolith is texturally similar to finely pulverized lava basalts was confirmed by returned lunar samples [2].Our ultimate objective is to use Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images of icy Saturnian satellites -acquired through broadband color and polarization filters -to measure the linear polarizations and corresponding albedos of icy terrains and to characterize implied surface textural properties. In this preliminary study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of ISS NAC polarization images for the analysis of icy satellite surfaces by testing if these images can detect Umov's law, a wellknown inverse relationship between the linear-polarization and albedo of regolith-covered surfaces [3]. Iapetus is our test satellite because its terrain provides a broad range of albedos over which we expect linear polarization to systematically vary. In particular, we will use Cassini Regio's stark contrast with Iapetus' remaining brighter surface to demonstrate Umov's law. Our hypothesis is that the linear polarization of all materials on Iapetus will vary inversely and monotonically with their corresponding albedo.Method: Each ISS NAC polarization observation is a three-image sequence obtained for 0, 60, and 90 degree orientations of the electric field vector, respectively. The polarization filters are used in combination with broadband color filters from a tandem filter wheel, so that changes in polarization with wavelength can be studied. Each image sequence is obtained at approximately constant phase angle. First, the images are radio-metrically calibrated so that pixel DN value represents radiance factors. Camera pointing information is updated using control points and limb locations on the satellite's surfaces. The separate images are spatially co-registered and combined using an algorithm that produces a linear polarization image and a corresponding total intensity (i.e. non-polarized) image [4].To produce albedo images, the total intensity image must be corrected for the gradient in shading

Towards a practical trap for deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae): initial tests of a bi-level Nzi trap

“…A new high-flying Tabanus , T. marginalis , was recorded in the present study, along with a few captures of T. atratus Fabricius. These Tabanus species are uncommon in most trapping surveys (Smith et al 1970; Matthysse et al 1974; Baribeau and Maire 1983b; Thibault and Harper 1983; McElligott and Galloway 1991b; Freeman 2017).…”

“…Two-tier box traps do not catch other species of deer flies in large numbers; for example, means of approximately seven per day in unbaited traps in Vermont, United States of America (Freeman 2017) and similar numbers in traps baited with CO 2 in Florida, United States of America (Cilek and Olson 2008), are common. Overall, in 80 representative tabanid studies reviewed by the author, low catches in any trap are the norm, including those in Malaise traps (Skvarla et al 2021).…”