Season and light affect constitutive defenses of understory shrub species against folivorous insects

Karolewski, Piotr; Giertych, M.; Żmuda, Michał; Jagodziński, Andrzej M.; Oleksyn, Jacek

doi:10.1016/j.actao.2013.08.004

Cited by 49 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…P. padus is less thermophilous than P. serotina and is much more demanding in terms of its humidity, soil nutrient content and soil moisture requirements (Ellenberg et al, 1992); thus, it is less tolerant to environmental changes, such as extremely high temperatures and the drying out of soils in summer. Moreover, the same folivorous species occur for both species, but P. padus experiences a much greater loss of leaf mass as a host than does P. serotina (Karolewski et al, 2013). A variety of mono-and polyphagous insect pests, especially the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata F. (Mąderek et al, 2015), aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Halarewicz & Gabryś, 2012) and Yponomeuta evonymellus L. , have more food sources due to the presence of alien species, so their increased populations may simultaneously pose a greater risk to P. padus (as it is their primary host).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

Popek¹,

Łukowski²,

Karolewski³

2017

Dendrobiology

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Particulate matter accumulation -further differences between native Prunus padus and non-native P. serotina Received: 14 April 2017; Accepted: 23 June 2017 Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful inhaled pollutants. Where pollutants have been emitted into the atmosphere, the most effective method for cleaning the air is through phytoremediation, whereby plants act as biological filters. PM has a negative impact on plants, but knowledge of PM effects on the photosynthetic apparatus is limited. In European forests, species of the genus Prunus L. play a key role in the composition of the forest understory and urban as well as industrial plantings. Shrubs of the native P. padus L. and closely-related invasive alien P. serotina Ehrh. are particularly widespread. Thus, both are good model species in which to study the impact of PM pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of PM in the context of leaf morphology and amount of epicuticular waxes on foliage, and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. padus and P. serotina. The study was conducted under controlled conditions using two variants of dust, cement and roadside PM. In addition, we analyzed the absorption of dust by leaves dividing it into three fractions by size (10−100 µm, 2.5−10 µm and 0.2−2.5 µm). Results showed that both P. padus and P. serotina accumulate PM mostly on the surface of their leaves ( S PM), rather than in the wax layer ( W PM). P. padus accumulated higher amounts of PM than did P. serotina. The higher presence of PM on leaves of P. padus resulted in a reduction of the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, manifested by lower rates of photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence, coinciding with an increased stomatal resistance. A strong negative correlation was found between the amount of PM accumulation and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in P. padus, but not in P. serotina. We have concluded that alien P. serotina is more tolerant to the conditions of stress caused by PM pollution than is the native P. padus, which may partly explain its success in the invasion in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

Popek¹,

Łukowski²,

Karolewski³

2017

Dendrobiology

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“…Fast early growth may increase the chance for seedlings to survive [8,65], and to eventually attain the forest canopy [66]. In addition, seedlings might be less susceptible to herbivory under the high-light conditions during the forest tent caterpillar outbreak through well-defended leaves [67]. Although not directly addressed in this study, insect outbreaks may also further facilitate regeneration of shade intolerant species by accelerating gap dynamics through elevated mature tree mortality of host species [68–70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreak Increased Resource Levels and Seedling Growth in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Rozendaal¹,

Kobe²

2016

PLoS ONE

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In closed-canopy forests, gap formation and closure are thought to be major drivers of forest dynamics. Crown defoliation by insects, however, may also influence understory resource levels and thus forest dynamics. We evaluate the effect of a forest tent caterpillar outbreak on understory light availability, soil nutrient levels and tree seedling height growth in six sites with contrasting levels of canopy defoliation in a hardwood forest in northern lower Michigan. We compared resource levels and seedling growth of six hardwood species before, during and in the three years after the outbreak (2008–2012). Canopy openness increased strongly during the forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the four moderately and severely defoliated sites, but not in lightly defoliated sites. Total inorganic soil nitrogen concentrations increased in response to the outbreak in moderately and severely defoliated sites. The increase in total inorganic soil nitrogen was driven by a strong increase in soil nitrate, and tended to become stronger with increasing site defoliation. Seedling height growth increased for all species in the moderately and severely defoliated sites, but not in lightly defoliated sites, either during the outbreak year or in the year after the outbreak. Growth increases did not become stronger with increasing site defoliation, but were strongest in a moderately defoliated site with high soil nutrient levels. Growth increases tended to be strongest for the shade intolerant species Fraxinus americana and Prunus serotina, and the shade tolerant species Ostrya virginiana. The strong growth response of F. americana and P. serotina suggests that recurring forest tent caterpillar outbreaks may facilitate the persistence of shade intolerant species in the understory in the absence of canopy gaps. Overall, our results suggest that recurrent canopy defoliation resulting from cyclical forest insect outbreaks may be an additional driver of dynamics in temperate closed-canopy forests.

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“…Generally, leaves with high SLAs have reduced structural defenses and are more susceptible to damage caused by herbivores (Lei & Lechowicz, 1990;Schädler et al, 2003;Hanley et al, 2007;Karolewski et al, 2013). P. leucographella adults oviposit on the upper leaf surface and the larvae enter the epidermis through the cuticle and outer cell wall of the epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maladaptive host choice by an alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has the potential to limit its invasiveness

Walczak¹,

Bogdziewicz²,

Żytkowiak³

et al. 2018

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Alien phytophagous insects are often introduced along with their host plants, creating opportunities for troublesome invasions. Yet, not all of them are able to successfully colonize novel host plants. In this study, we investigated host selection by the alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850) on both its original host and novel host plants in the insect's alien range. We predicted that this insect's percentage infestation of the original host would be positively related to its specifi c leaf area (SLA), because high-SLA leaves are nutritious and have thin cuticles, traits related to high offspring developmental success. We further hypothesized that this host selection process would apply in the selection of novel host plants. Our results show that this leaf miner selects leaves of its original host plant, Pyracantha coccinea, according to their SLA values. The SLA value was also positively related to the probability of P. leucographella infesting and successfully developing on novel host plants. The selection of high-SLA plants by the moth leads to a high developmental success on novel host plants in the fi rst (summer) generation, but it is likely to be maladaptive in the second (overwintering) generation, because in temperate Europe, high SLA values are associated with deciduous plants that shed their leaves in autumn. It is likely that the apparent maladaptive selection of novel host plants by P. leucographella reduces the invasiveness of this pest by preventing its establishment on native plants.

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Season and light affect constitutive defenses of understory shrub species against folivorous insects

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

Particulate matter accumulation – further differences between native Prunus padusand non-native P. serotina

A Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreak Increased Resource Levels and Seedling Growth in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Maladaptive host choice by an alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has the potential to limit its invasiveness

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