Searching for the greatest Bengali: The BBC and shifting identity categories in South Asia

Jones, Reece

doi:10.1080/14608940801997218

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The 640 HLA-genotyped infants were all born to Bangladeshi mothers from the northern ward of Mirpur, Dhaka living in slum conditions [17] . The racial composition for the population of Mirpur, Bangladesh is highly homogenous with 98% of the population identifying as Bengali while the remainder is comprised of an indigenous population [18] . A total of 601 HLA-genotyped children who completed the first year of the study were included in these analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we investigated associations between HLA class I and II genes and 12 common enteric infections in a cohort of 601 infants from a longitudinal birth cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh [ 7 , 17 ]. Stool specimens were collected from diarrhoeal episodes during the first year of life and the presence of enteric pathogens was detected using the TaqMan Array Card (TAC) system, a highly sensitive molecular diagnostic [18] . The results of the TAC pathogen detection in this cohort have been published previously [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HLA class I and II associations with common enteric pathogens in the first year of life

McCowin

Moreau²,

Haque³

et al. 2021

EBioMedicine

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Background: genetic susceptibility to infection is mediated by numerous host factors, including the highly diverse, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which are critical genetic determinants of immunity. We systematically evaluated the effect of HLA alleles and haplotypes on susceptibility to 12 common enteric infections in children during the first year of life in an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: a birth cohort of 601 Bangladeshi infants was prospectively monitored for diarrhoeal disease. Each diarrhoeal stool sample was analyzed for enteric pathogens by multiplex TaqMan Array Card (TAC). High resolution genotyping of HLA class I (A and B) and II (DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1) genes was performed by next-generation sequencing. We compared the frequency of HLA alleles and haplotypes between infected and uninfected children. Findings: we identified six individual allele associations and one five-locus haplotype association. One allele was associated with protection: A*24:02 À EAEC. Five alleles were associated with increased risk: A*24:17 À typical EPEC, B*15:01 À astrovirus, B*38:02 À astrovirus, B*38:02 À Cryptosporidium and DQA1*01:01 À Cryptosporidium. A single five-locus haplotype was associated with protection: A*11:01~B*15:02~DRB1*12:02~DQA1*06:01~DQB1*03:01À adenovirus 40/41. Interpretation: our findings suggest a role for HLA in susceptibility to early enteric infection for five pathogens. Understanding the genetic contribution of HLA in susceptibility has important implications in vaccine design and understanding regional differences in incidence of enteric infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA class I and II associations with common enteric pathogens in the first year of life

McCowin

Moreau²,

Haque³

et al. 2021

EBioMedicine

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“…The states had a friendly relationship while Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Mujib) and Indira Gandhi were in power, in Bangladesh and India respectively (Huda, ; Shewly, ). In fact, one of the basic principles of the first constitution of Bangladesh in 1972 was secularism (Jones, ). This was also the period when Bangladesh and India signed the Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 that aimed a resolution of all the disputed border issues and an exchange of the enclaves (Ministry of External Affairs, ).…”

Section: Territoriality Nationalism and The Enclavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic spaces: Nationalism and compromise in the former border enclaves of Bangladesh and India

Ferdoush

2019

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Bangladesh and India exchanged all of their 162 border enclaves in 2015 after 70 years of protracted negotiations. This paper offers an explanation as to why these enclaves were exchanged and why it took so long for the exchange to be executed. In so doing, I offer the concept of “symbolic spaces” to demonstrate that in postcolonial South Asia, enclaves gained oversized significance in nationalistic and territorial discourses. Such elevated significance effectively turned them into symbols of nationalism and territoriality, which played the major role in both their existence and their exchange. In explaining the exchange, I also contend that, although rare, states may exchange territories if it serves significant geopolitical and geo‐economic interests for the parties involved and if the exchange can be portrayed as a victory for the nation.

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“…When we use these categories, they operate as containers into which people and places can unambiguously be grouped as members of the particular category or not. The fluid and permeable boundaries of the categories thus gain the appearance of fi xity and permanence (Jones, 2006;2008). My argument is that this same problem applies to the boundaries between all categories, not just states and nations.…”

Section: Re-categorizing Boundary Studies Againmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categories, borders and boundaries

Jones

2008

Progress in Human Geography

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173

120

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In recent years, categories have been a topic of substantial research in the social sciences and humanities. Although many problematic categories such as culture, gender and scale have been criticized, moving beyond them has proved to be surprisingly difficult. This paper attributes this difficulty to what is termed the paradox of categories and argues that the key problems with categories emerge from the contradictory ways their boundaries are intellectually and cognitively understood. By integrating poststructural insights into the role categories play in ordering modern society with research from cognitive science on the role categories play as containers in cognitive processes, this paper argues that the boundaries of categories should be understood as always inchoate — only partially formed and incomplete. The paper concludes that research into categories and boundaries is unnecessarily fragmented across a wide range of disciplines and proposes expanding boundary studies in geography to be the field that investigates the bounding processes that result in all types of categories.

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Searching for the greatest Bengali: The BBC and shifting identity categories in South Asia

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

HLA class I and II associations with common enteric pathogens in the first year of life

HLA class I and II associations with common enteric pathogens in the first year of life

Symbolic spaces: Nationalism and compromise in the former border enclaves of Bangladesh and India

Categories, borders and boundaries

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