Searching for strategies to reduce the mechanical demands of the sit-to-stand task with a muscle-actuated optimal control model

Bobbert, Maarten F.; Kistemaker, Dinant A.; Vaz, Marco Aurélio; Ackermann, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.06.008

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Indeed, we expect that their algorithm would give better results (i.e., more gradual activation of limb muscles, perhaps in starker proximal-distal sequence) for greyhound StS. Later, Bobbert et al ( 2016 ) challenged that minimizing the sum of squared “control effort” (equivalent to activation from 0 to 1 in our simulations) might be a better choice. Resolution of this issue awaits more study of what different species optimize in StS decisions (see also Erdemir et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…It is widely considered that, because of these demands, the way humans stand up changes during their lifetime from a more demanding pattern (“momentum transfer strategy”) to one that minimizes muscular effort in elderly humans with muscle weakness (“stabilization strategy”) (e.g., Savelberg et al, 2007 ; Van der heijden et al, 2009 ). Hence standing up is constrained by the strength-to-weight ratio in humans in some way, although the specific mechanisms and control strategies used to overcome strength-to-weight limitations during this movement remain controversial (Pandy et al, 1995 ; Bobbert et al, 2016 ; Actis et al, 2018 ; Shia et al, 2018 ), and neurophysiological control mechanisms for StS are still being deciphered (e.g., Silva et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limb Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Dynamics During the Sit-to-Stand Transition in Greyhounds

Ellis

Rankin

Hutchinson

2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Standing up from a prone position is a critical daily activity for animals: failing to do so effectively may cause an injurious fall or increase predation susceptibility. This sit-to-stand behaviour (StS) is biomechanically interesting because it necessitates transitioning through near-maximal joint motion ranges from a crouched (i.e., poor mechanical advantage) to a more upright posture. Such large joint excursions should require large length changes of muscle-tendon units. Here we integrate experimental and musculoskeletal simulation methods to quantify the joint motions, limb forces, and muscle fibre forces, activations and length changes during StS in an extreme athlete—the greyhound—which has large hindlimb muscles bearing short-fibred distal muscles and long tendons. Study results indicate that hindlimb anti-gravity muscle fibres operate near their ~50% limits of length change during StS; mostly by starting at highly lengthened positions. StS also requires high muscle activations (>50%), in part due to non-sagittal motions. Finally, StS movements require passive non-muscular support in the distal hindlimb where short-fibred muscles are incapable of sustaining StS themselves. Non-locomotor behaviours like StS likely impose important trade-offs between muscle fibre force capacity and length changes, as well as active and passive mechanisms of support, that have been neglected in locomotor biomechanics studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Dynamics During the Sit-to-Stand Transition in Greyhounds

Ellis

Rankin

Hutchinson

2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Age-related reduction in muscle strength may determine the choice of STS strategy [ 17 ]. Using a muscle-actuated optimal control model, Bobbert et al [ 18 ] found that optimizing the STS strategy can reduce the mechanical demands on all muscles by 45% compared to a normal STS. In particular, an STS strategy with greater trunk flexion led to reduced demands on the knee extensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older Adults with Weaker Muscle Strength Stand up from a Sitting Position with More Dynamic Trunk Use

Lummel

Evers²,

Niessen³

et al. 2018

Sensors

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The ability to stand up from a sitting position is essential for older adults to live independently. Body-fixed inertial sensors may provide an approach for quantifying the sit-to-stand (STS) in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to determine whether measurements of STS movements using body-fixed sensors yield parameters that are informative regarding changes in STS performance in older adults with reduced muscle strength. In twenty-seven healthy older adults, handgrip strength was assessed as a proxy for overall muscle strength. Subjects were asked to stand up from a chair placed at three heights. Trunk movements were measured using an inertial sensor fixed to the back. Duration, angular range, and maximum angular velocity of STS phases, as well as the vertical velocity of the extension phase, were calculated. Backwards elimination using Generalized Estimating Equations was used to determine if handgrip strength predicted the STS durations and trunk kinematics. Weaker subjects (i.e., with lower handgrip strength) were slower during the STS and showed a larger flexion angular range and a larger extension angular range. In addition, weaker subjects showed a greater maximum angular velocity, which increased with lower seat heights. Measurements with a single inertial sensor did reveal that older adults with lower handgrip strength employed a different strategy to stand up from a sitting position, involving more dynamic use of the trunk. This effect was greatest when elevating body mass. Trunk kinematic parameters were more sensitive to reduced muscle strength than durations.

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“…Musculoskeletal modelling is an excellent tool to support the research of muscle weakness and movement strategies (24,40,47). When experimental studies have measurement limitations, modelling can complement measurements and observations with movement simulations.…”

Section: Muscular Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

Kruk¹,

Silverman²,

Reilly³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In healthy ageing, capacity declines in the neural, muscular, and skeletal systems, and each system decline has its effect on the execution of complex motor tasks. This decline in capacity can result in the inability to stand up (sit-to-stand, sit-to-walk), which is a key movement for independence. The mechanisms leading to mobility limitations or inabilities are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the complementary fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology need to be combined to understand these mechanisms. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of age-related compensation in standing up and to consider the limitations of these results when analysing standing up in daily life using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) framework that combines biomechanics, motor control, and physiology. A literature search was performed in the search engine Scopus, using the keywords and their synonyms: strateg*(approach, technique, way) AND, sit-to-walk OR sit-to-stand OR rise (raise, arise, stand, stand-up) AND chair (seat). Inclusion criteria were: biomechanics or motor control on sit-to-stand or sit-to-walk in healthy and/or frail adults (<60y) and elderly (>60y), and/or osteoarthritis patients as a specific case of ageing related decline. The review shows that movement compensations in standing up manifest as changes in planned trajectory (Compensation by Selection) and in muscle recruitment (Compensation by Reorganisation). However, as most studies in the literature typically use standardized experimental protocols where movement compensation is restricted, these studies cannot be directly translated to functional tasks, such as the mobility of the elderly in their homes, communities, and clinic. Compensation must be included in future studies in order to facilitate clinical translation. Specifically, future studies in the standing up task should 1) determine the effect of varying arm use strategies (e.g., armrests, knees, chair, cane) on trunk and both lower limb and upper limb joint loading, 2) analyse control strategies in elderly people, 3) determine the biomechanical implications of asymmetry, and 4) incorporate assessments of age-related physical and neural decline as well as changes in psychological priorities.

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Searching for strategies to reduce the mechanical demands of the sit-to-stand task with a muscle-actuated optimal control model

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Limb Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Dynamics During the Sit-to-Stand Transition in Greyhounds

Limb Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Dynamics During the Sit-to-Stand Transition in Greyhounds

Older Adults with Weaker Muscle Strength Stand up from a Sitting Position with More Dynamic Trunk Use

The Effect of Ageing on the Standing Up Movement Analysed using the Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation (CaReMoOC) Framework

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