Searching for modified gravity in the astrophysical gravitational wave background: Application to ground-based interferometers

Abstract

We investigate how the propagation of an astrophysical gravitational wave background (AGWB) is modified over cosmological volumes when considering theories beyond general relativity of the type Horndeski gravity. We first deduce an amplitude correction on the AGWB induced for the presence of a possible running in the Planck mass. Then, we apply the spectral noise density from some ground-based interferometers, namely, the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explore (CE), to evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of the amplitude of the running of the Planck mass for two different scenarios. We find that for observation time period ≳5 yrs and ≳1 yr, we can have a significant signal of the AGWB in the band [1-100] Hz from the ET and CE sensitivity, respectively. Finally, using Fisher information, we find some forecast bounds, and we deduce ≲27% and ≲18% correction at 1σ confidence level on the amplitude of the running of the Planck mass from ET and CE, respectively. It is clear that a detection of a AGWB in the future can open a new window to probe the nature of gravity with good accuracy.

Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies

“…Different initiatives are being carried out to promote the creation of a network of researchers to develop the science of GW's in the frequency range above 10 kHz. 40 Finally, several authors have pointed to the implementation of GW standard sirens and GW stochastic backgrounds to explore the late and early Universe, in a broad spectrum of possibilities ranging from the Hubble tension [2106] through the search for modified gravity [2028,2107], variation of the speed of propagation of GWs [2004], inflation models [2106] and even explore the exotic fundamental physical possibility as the variation of fundamental constants [2108,2109].…”

Cosmology with the Einstein telescope: No Slip Gravity model and redshift specifications

“…Consequently, any deviation from Einstein gravity could be parametrized in the propagation equation of GW by introducing new parameters related to (for example) the propagation speed of GWs, a friction term that dilutes the amplitude of GWs, graviton mass, or an energy source term. GW probes, particularly the upcoming detectors, have been shown (see for instance, Sathyaprakash, Schutz & Van Den Broeck 2010;Abbott et al 2017c;Wang et al 2018;Yang et al 2019b, a;Lagos et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019;Mastrogiovanni, Steer & Barsuglia 2020;Nunes 2020;;Sharma & Harms 2020;Bachega et al 2020;Belgacem et al 2020;Chen et al 2020;Yang et al 2020a;Zhang et al 2020 and references therein) to be able to help shed light on deviations from Einstein gravity.…”

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“…Subsequently, a variety of topics, essentially associated with the foundation of modern physics, are renovated accordingly. Indeed, the inauguration of a novel era is heralded with further quantitative investigations of dark matter [5][6][7][8][9] and dark energy [10][11][12][13], as well as feasible discrimination between different theories of modified gravity [14,15], which are partly facilitated by the more accurate estimation of the cosmological parameter using the standard GW siren [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”