Searching for better plasmonic materials

West, Paul R.; Ishii, Satoshi; Naik, Gururaj V.; Emani, Naresh K.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra

doi:10.1002/lpor.200900055

Cited by 1,813 publications

(1,511 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…In this context, a search for better plasmonic materials has been initiated with a view to reducing absorption [31][32][33][34]. Recently, highly doped graphene has emerged as a promising alternative [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], combining huge field confinement and enhancement with comparatively lower losses [43,46], as well as large electrical tunability of its optical response [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonics in atomically thin materials

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Manjavacas

2015

Faraday Discuss.

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The observation and electrical manipulation of infrared surface plasmons in graphene have triggered a search for similar photonic capabilities in other atomically thin materials that enable electrical modulation of light at visible and near-infrared frequencies, as well as strong interaction with optical quantum emitters. Here, we present a simple analytical description of the optical response of such kinds of structures, which we exploit to investigate their application to light modulation and quantum optics. Specifically, we show that plasmons in one-atom-thick noble-metal layers can be used both to produce complete tunable optical absorption and to reach the strong-coupling regime in the interaction with neighboring quantum emitters. Our methods are applicable to any plasmon-supporting thin materials, and in particular, we provide parameters that allow us to readily calculate the response of silver, gold, and graphene islands. Besides their interest for nanoscale electro-optics, the present study emphasizes the great potential of these structures for the design of quantum nanophotonics devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonics in atomically thin materials

Abajo

Manjavacas

2015

Faraday Discuss.

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“…[8][9][10][11] However, even noble metals, which are widely regarded as the best available plasmonic materials, 12 are hardly tunable and exhibit large ohmic losses that limit their applicability to optical processing devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

2011

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Graphene plasmons provide a suitable alternative to noble-metal plasmons because they exhibit much larger confinement and relatively long propagation distances, with the advantage of being highly tunable via electrostatic gating. We report strong lightmatter interaction assisted by graphene plasmons, and in particular, we predict unprecedented high decay rates of quantum emitters in the proximity of a carbon sheet, large vacuum Rabi splitting and Purcell factors, and extinction cross sections exceeding the geometrical area in graphene ribbons and nanometer-sized disks. Our results provide the basis for the emerging and potentially far-reaching field of graphene plasmonics, offering an ideal platform for cavity quantum electrodynamics and supporting the possibility of single-molecule, single-plasmon devices. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Surfaces plasmons (SPs), the electromagnetic waves coupled to charge excitations at the surface of a metal, are the pillar stones of applications as varied as ultrasensitive optical biosensing, 1-3 photonic metamaterials, 4 light harvesting, 5,6 optical nano-antennas, 7 and quantum information processing. [8][9][10][11] However, even noble metals, which are widely regarded as the best available plasmonic materials, 12 are hardly tunable and exhibit large ohmic losses that limit their applicability to optical processing devices.In this context, doped graphene emerges as an alternative, unique two-dimensional plasmonic material that displays a wide range of extraordinary properties. 13 This atomically thick sheet of carbon is generating tremendous interest due to its superior electronic and mechanical properties, 14-20 which originate in part from its charge carriers of zero effective mass (the so-called Dirac fermions 18 ) that can travel for micrometers without scattering, even at room temperature. 21 Furthermore, rapid progress in growth and transfer techniques have sparked expectations for large-scale production of graphene-based devices and a wide range of potential applications such as high-frequency nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, transparent electrodes, and composite materials. 17 Recently, graphene has also been recognized as a versatile optical material for novel photonic 22 and optoelectronic applications, 23 such as solar cells, photodetectors, 24 light emitting devices, ultrafast lasers, optical sensing, 25 and metamaterials. 26 The outstanding potential of this atomic monolayer is emphasized by its remarkably high absorption 27,28 ≈ πα ≈ 2.3%, where α = e 2 /hc ≈ 1/137 is the fine-structure constant. Moreover, the linear dispersion of the Dirac fermions enables broadband applications, in which electric gating can be used to induce dramatic changes in the optical properties. 29All of these photonic and optoelectronic applications rely on the interaction of propagating far-field photons with graphene. Additionally, SPs bound to the surface of doped graphene exhibit a number of favorable properties that make graphene an attractive alternative to tr...

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“…This is mainly due to the reflection inside the substrate and the optical losses, which are estimated using FDTD simulations to be approximately 40% and 20%, respectively. The optical losses can be reduced using low--loss metals [31,32] or other plasmonic materials [33]. The efficiency can be further improved by using impedance matching techniques (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aberration-Free Ultrathin Flat Lenses and Axicons at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Plasmonic Metasurfaces

et al. 2012

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The concept of optical phase discontinuities is applied to the design and demonstration of aberration--free planar lenses and axicons, comprising a phased array of ultrathin subwavelength spaced optical antennas. The lenses and axicons consist of radial distributions of V--shaped nanoantennas that generate respectively spherical wavefronts and non--diffracting Bessel beams at telecom wavelengths.Simulations are also presented to show that our aberration--free designs are applicable to high numerical aperture lenses such as flat microscope objectives.The fabrication of lenses with aberration correction is challenging in particular in the mid--and near--infrared wavelength range where the choice of transparent materials is limited.Usually it requires complex optimization techniques such as aspheric shapes or multi--lens designs [1,2], which are expensive and bulky.Focusing diffracting plates offer the possibility of designing low weight and small volume lenses. For example the Fresnel Zone Plate focuses light by diffracting from a binary mask that blocks part of the radiation [1]. A more advanced solution is represented by the Fresnel lens, which introduces a gradual phase retardation in the radial direction to focus light

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Searching for better plasmonic materials

Cited by 1,813 publications

References 174 publications

Plasmonics in atomically thin materials

Plasmonics in atomically thin materials

Graphene Plasmonics: A Platform for Strong Light–Matter Interactions

Aberration-Free Ultrathin Flat Lenses and Axicons at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Plasmonic Metasurfaces

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