Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles

Перл, М.; Lee, Eric R.; Loomba, D.

doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-121908-122035

Cited by 76 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, our proposal is different from the cases of the charged, next-to-lightest supersymmetric particles which can decay (Dimopoulos et al, 1997;Giudice and Rattazzi, 1999). If the stable scalar χ is produced at some collider or coming from cosmic rays, halo particles, or bulk matter (Perl, 2008;Perl et al, 2009;Ambrosio et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2002), it can easily escape from the detectors. Indeed, the general collider detectors cannot be used to find particles with an electric charge smaller than 1/3 due to the uncertainty in trace reconstruction (Perl, 2008;Perl et al, 2009).…”

Section: Stable Anomalously-charged Scalarsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…If the stable scalar χ is produced at some collider or coming from cosmic rays, halo particles, or bulk matter (Perl, 2008;Perl et al, 2009;Ambrosio et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2002), it can easily escape from the detectors. Indeed, the general collider detectors cannot be used to find particles with an electric charge smaller than 1/3 due to the uncertainty in trace reconstruction (Perl, 2008;Perl et al, 2009). The searches for its impinging on the earth due to the cosmic rays or halo particles have been sensitive only to the smallest charges of 1/5 (Perl et al, 2001;Ambrosio et al, 2000).…”

Section: Stable Anomalously-charged Scalarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simple Model of Gauged Lepton and Baryon Charges

Dong¹,

Long²

2015

Physics International

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We propose a simple extension of the standard model with lepton and baryon numbers gauged by introducing only two leptoquarks (j) to the fermion content. As natural consequences of the anomaly cancelation, the right-handed neutrinos present and the number of observed fermion families equals to the number of fundamental colors, which is three. To avoid stabilized colored-leptoquarks, two scalar doublets φ, χ are introduced which couple the leptoquarks to ordinary quarks. The new gauge bosonsZ gain masses via the vacuum values of scalars S L , S B which are only charged under the U(1) L , U(1) B symmetries, respectively. Furthermore, due to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of these charges, the neutrinos obtain small masses via type I seesaw mechanism while the baryogenesis can be generated in several cases. Constraints coming from flavor changing, stabilization of anomalously electriccharged scalars and collision phenomenology are also obtained.

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Section: Stable Anomalously-charged Scalarsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Stable Anomalously-charged Scalarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model of Gauged Lepton and Baryon Charges

Dong¹,

Long²

2015

Physics International

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“…My colleagues, Dinesh Loomba and Eric Lee, and I are publishing a detailed review of fractional charge searches [1]. Therefore, I give a few references in this paper and refer the reader to Ref.…”

Section: The Puzzle Of Unit Electric Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods are both described in [1]. Searches have been carried out in the following materials: sea water, residues from evaporation of sea water, mercury, iron, niobium, silicone oil, mineral oil, and meteoritic material from asteroids.…”

Section: Searches For Fractional Charge Particles In Bulk Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We call these hypothetical particles fractional electric charge particles, even though the fraction Q q might be greater than 1; for example a particle with charge Q = πq. We use F to mean a fractional electric charge particle.My colleagues, Dinesh Loomba and Eric Lee, and I are publishing a detailed review of fractional charge searches [1]. Therefore, I give a few references in this paper and refer the reader to Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles: What Should Be Done Next?

Перл

2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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Since the initial measurements of the electron charge a century ago, experimenters have faced the persistent question as to whether elementary particles exist that have charges that are fractional multiples of the electron charge. I concisely review the results of the last 50 years of searching for fractional charge particles with no confirmed positive results. I discuss the question of whether more searching is worthwhile? THE PUZZLE OF UNIT ELECTRIC CHARGEWe have no explanation why the electric charges of all the known elementary particles are either zero or q or ± 1 3 q or ± 2 3 q or ±q where q is the magnitude of the electrons charge, 1.602 × 10 −19 coulombs. We call q the unit electric charge.There are no confirmed observations of elementary or composite particles with charge Q = rq where r is a fraction such as 2 7 or an irrational or transcendental number. We call these hypothetical particles fractional electric charge particles, even though the fraction Q q might be greater than 1; for example a particle with charge Q = πq. We use F to mean a fractional electric charge particle.My colleagues, Dinesh Loomba and Eric Lee, and I are publishing a detailed review of fractional charge searches [1]. Therefore, I give a few references in this paper and refer the reader to Ref. 1 for details and full references. This paper will be published in the Proceedings of the X INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TAU LEPTON PHYSICS held at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, September 22 -25, 2008. QUARKS AND FREE QUARK SEARCHES About 1910 Robert Millikan and HarveyFletcher elucidated the magnitude of the electron charge q [2]. And by the early 1920s there was consensus that q was the smallest electric charge. This was not challenged until the 1960s when physicists adopted the view of quarks as real elementary particles. This view of quarks and the increasing use of particle accelerators led to many searches for particles with charge SEARCH METHODS AND RE-MARKS ON SEARCHESThere are five types of searches for fractional charge particles: searches using particle accelerators and fixed targets, searches using particle colliders, searches in cosmic rays, searches in bulk matter, and special search methods for particles with Q very close to 0 called millicharged or minicharged particles.We do not know how fractional charge particles interact with ordinary particles: is the interaction strong or electromagnetic or weak or a not yet discovered force?Since we do not know the F mass, m F , searches using accelerators, colliders, or cosmic rays are broader as the energy increases. On the other hand, the sensitivity of searches in bulk matter is independent of m F .

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Relic challenges for vector-like fermions as connectors to a dark sector

Carvunis

McGinnis

Morrissey

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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New dark sectors consisting of exotic fields that couple only very feebly to the Standard Model (SM) have strong theoretical motivation and may be relevant to explaining the abundance of dark matter (DM). An important question for such sectors is how they connect to the SM. For a dark sector with a new gauge interaction, a natural connection arises from heavy vector-like fermions charged under both the visible and dark gauge groups. The gauge charges of such fermions imply that one or more of them is stable in the absence of additional sources of dark symmetry breaking. A generic challenge for such connectors is that they can produce too much dark matter or interact too strongly with nuclei if they were ever thermalized in the early universe. In this paper we study this challenge in a simple connector theory consisting of new vector-like electroweak doublet and singlet fermions that also transform under the fundamental representation of a new Abelian gauge force, and we show that these connectors in their minimal form are almost always ruled out by existing direct DM searches. To address this challenge, we investigate two solutions. First, we study mitigating scattering on nuclei by introducing a Majorana mass term for the singlet. And second, we investigate a mixing with SM leptons that allows the connectors to decay while remaining consistent with cosmological tests and searches for charged lepton flavour violation. Both solutions rely on the presence of a dark Higgs field with a specific charge.

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Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles

Cited by 76 publications

References 47 publications

A Simple Model of Gauged Lepton and Baryon Charges

A Simple Model of Gauged Lepton and Baryon Charges

Searches for Fractionally Charged Particles: What Should Be Done Next?

Relic challenges for vector-like fermions as connectors to a dark sector

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