Search of associative memory.

Raaijmakers, Jeroen G. W.; Shiffrin, Richard M.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.2.93

Cited by 1,429 publications

(1,408 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Both our account and formal implementations of dual-store accounts (e.g., Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968;Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981) are consistent with the main features of the serial-position data, but the holographic model captures a more complete picture of performance. Neither account is forced by the data.…”

Section: Figure 14 Presents the Distribution Of Correlations For Murdsupporting

confidence: 67%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

126

130

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This article extends psychological methods and concepts into a domain that is as profoundly consequential as it is poorly understood: intelligence analysis. We report findings from a geopolitical forecasting tournament that assessed the accuracy of more than 150,000 forecasts of 743 participants on 199 events occurring over 2 years. Participants were above average in intelligence and political knowledge relative to the general population. Individual differences in performance emerged, and forecasting skills were surprisingly consistent over time. Key predictors were (a) dispositional variables of cognitive ability, political knowledge, and openmindedness; (b) situational variables of training in probabilistic reasoning and participation in collaborative teams that shared information and discussed rationales (Mellers, Ungar, et al., 2014); and (c) behavioral variables of deliberation time and frequency of belief updating. We developed a profile of the best forecasters; they were better at inductive reasoning, pattern detection, cognitive flexibility, and open-mindedness. They had greater understanding of geopolitics, training in probabilistic reasoning, and opportunities to succeed in cognitively enriched team environments. Last but not least, they viewed forecasting as a skill that required deliberate practice, sustained effort, and constant monitoring of current affairs. A t APA, we understand how challenging it can be for you to stay abreast of the latest and best academic research on psychology. Disciplines Finance and Financial Management | Social and Behavioral Sciences

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Section: Figure 14 Presents the Distribution Of Correlations For Murdsupporting

confidence: 67%

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Mellers¹,

Stone²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

126

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The privileged access to the recency items may reflect the output of a short-term store in dual store accounts of IFR (Anderson, et al, 1998;Davelaar et al, 2005;Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981), or be the result of greater temporal distinctiveness (Brown et al, 2007) or a greater match with the end-of-list context (Howard & Kahana, 2002;Polyn, et al, 2009;Sederberg, et al, 2008;Tan & Ward, 2000) in unitary accounts of IFR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beginning at the beginning: Recall order and the number of words to be recalled.

Tan

Ward

Paulauskaite

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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This is the draft version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ publications@city.ac.uk Permanent repository link: City Research OnlineBeginning at the beginning:Recall order and the number of words to be recalled When participants are asked to recall a short list of words in any order that they like, they tend to initiate recall with the first list item and proceed in forwards order, even when this is not a task requirement. The current research examined whether this tendency might be influenced by varying the number of items that are to be recalled. In three experiments, participants were presented with short lists of between 4 and 6 words and instructed to recall 1, 2, 3 or all of the items from the lists. Data were collected using immediate free recall (IFR, Experiment 1), immediate serial recall (ISR, Experiment 2) and a variant of ISR that we call ISR-free (Experiment 3), in which participants had to recall words in their correct serial positions but were free to output the words in any order. For all three tasks, the tendency to begin recall with the first list item occurred only when participants were required to recall as many items from the list as they could. When participants were asked to recall only one or two items, they tended to initiate recall with end-of-list items. It is argued that these findings show for the first time a manipulation that eliminates the initial tendency to recall in forward order, provide some support for recency-based accounts of IFR and help explain differences between single-response and multiple-response immediate memory tasks.(232 words)In recent years, there has been a growing belief that much could be gained by the theoretical integration of two widely used and highly influential immediate memory tasks, immediate serial recall (ISR) and immediate free recall (IFR) (e.g., Anderson, Bothell, Lebiere, & Matessa, 1998;Bhatarah, Ward & Tan, 2006 Brown, Chater & Neath, 2008; Brown, Neath & Chater, 2007;Farrell, 2012;Grenfell-Essam & Ward, 2012; Grossberg & Pearson, 2008; Hurlstone, Hitch & Baddeley, 2014; Kahana, 2012; Klein, Addis & Kahana, 2005;Ward, Tan & Grenfell-Essam, 2010). In these tasks, participants are presented with lists of words and at the end of each list, they are either free to recall as many of the list items as possible in any order that they like (IFR) or they are required to recall as many items as possible in exactly the same serial order as that in which they were presented (ISR).One reason to believe that such integration is possible is the observation that participants tend to output their recalls in forwards serial order, even in IFR tasks (e.g., Beaman & Mor...

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“…Our model of recall is based on a simplified search-and-recovery mechanism similar to SAM and to a variety of applications of similar models to recall (Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981;Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997Diller et al, 2001;Malmberg, 2008). We assume that, as in our base model, features of the test item are gradually sampled into a memory probe that contains both content and context features.…”

Section: A Model For Recall Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just a dynamic approach sheds light on recognition, we believe such an approach will be fruitful in these other domains, and has already done so in many cases. The simplified cued recall model we proposed to explain source memory judgments was, in turn, based on a samplingand-recovery model of recall (Raaijmakers & Shiffrin, 1981;Diller et al, 2001) that was itself motivated by the dynamics of inter-retrieval times and stopping times. The temporal context model (Howard & Kahana, 2002) has also been extended to account for the dynamics of recall using a competing accumulator approach similar to the one we have used to explain recognition (Sederberg, Howard, & Kahana, 2008;Polyn, Norman, & Kahana, 2009).…”

Section: Other Aspects Of Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic approach to recognition memory.

Cox

Shiffrin

2017

Psychological Review

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ii Acknowledgements First, I extend my thanks to my committee members for their time, consideration, and guidance. I would especially like to thank my advisors, Rich Shiffrin and Mike Jones, for first convincing me to come to Indiana, making me feel welcome, and guiding me into the world I now inhabit. I must also thank Isaiah Harbison, Michael Dougherty, and Sharona Atkins for introducing me to the very idea of mathematical psychology and for teaching me and trusting me. show how the dynamic model can be extended to account for paradigms like associative recognition and list discrimination, leading to another novel test of the presence of recall-like processes. Associative recognition, list discrimination, recognition of similar foils, and source exclusion are all better explained by the formation of a compound cue rather than recall, although source memory is found to be better modeled by a recall process.

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Search of associative memory.

Cited by 1,429 publications

References 45 publications

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

The psychology of intelligence analysis: Drivers of prediction accuracy in world politics.

Beginning at the beginning: Recall order and the number of words to be recalled.

A dynamic approach to recognition memory.

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