Search for Viral Nucleic Acid Sequences in Brain Tissues of Patients With Schizophrenia Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

Taller, Alla M.; Asher, David M.; Pomeroy, Kitty L.; Eldadah, Basil A.; Godec, Mark S.; Falkai, Peter; Bogert, Bernhard; Kleinman, Joel E.; Stevens, Janice R.; Torrey, E. Fuller

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830010034006

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The present study suggests that delayed psychiatric symptoms should be considered in future studies. Although cytomegalovirus genomes have not been found in postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients (35,36), an association between recent onset and deficit schizophrenia and cytomegalovirus antibody seropositivity has been described (37,38). Like mumps virus, cytomegalovirus is thought to infect cells in periventricular regions followed by invasion of the brain parenchyma (reviewed in reference 39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections in the CNS During Childhood and the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Illness: A Cohort Study of More Than One Million Swedish Subjects

Dalman¹,

Allebeck²,

Gunnell³

et al. 2008

AJP

211

127

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections in the CNS During Childhood and the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Illness: A Cohort Study of More Than One Million Swedish Subjects

Dalman¹,

Allebeck²,

Gunnell³

et al. 2008

AJP

211

127

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“…However, they found no viral nucleic acid sequences in any of the samples. Taller et al [26], also using the polymerase chain reaction, searched for viral nucleic acid sequences in the postmortem brain of 31 schizophrenic patients. Nine (HSV-1, CMV, EBV, VZV, HHV6, measles, rubella, mumps and influenza A viruses) out of 12 viruses they investigated are the same in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Changes in Paired Viral Antibody Titers during the Course of Acute Schizophrenia

Fukuda¹,

Sasaki²,

Nanko³

1999

Neuropsychobiology

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Although there have been many studies surveying the prevalence of specific viral antibodies in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia, changes in antibody levels during the course of acute illness have not been fully investigated. We conducted a preliminary study investigating levels of antibodies to 5 herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus and human herpesvirus type 6) and 6 other viruses (measles, rubella, mumps, influenza A and B and Japanese encephalitis viruses) in paired sera of 8 patients with acute onset or exacerbation of schizophrenia. Assay for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was also performed for herpesviruses and mumps. Neither any relevant change in antibody levels nor appearance of specific IgM antibody was observed for any of the viruses in any of the patients investigated. It is unlikely that the active infection or reactivation of these viruses has direct causal relationship to schizophrenia in these patients.

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“…Sequencing of PCR products and BLAST nPCR products were extracted from agarose gels using a kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions and were directly sequenced by the University of Florida Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research DNA Sequencing Core facility using the fluorescent dideoxy terminator method of cycle sequencing [56,57] on either a Perkin Elmer, Applied Biosystems Division (PE/ABd) 373A or [80] b Reference [81] c Reference [33] d Reference [82] 377 automated DNA sequencer, following ABd protocols. Sequences obtained were compared to known parvoviral sequences [58] using the National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) [59] program (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Adeno-associated Virus 2 and Parvovirus B19 Sequences in Post-mortem Human Cerebellum

et al. 2009

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We previously reported in a large cohort (N = 104) of post-mortem tissues the detection of both the non-pathogenic adeno-associated virus (AAV2) in approximately 13% and the pathogenic human parvovirus B19 (B19) in approximately 42% of human brains, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Multiple animal parvoviruses target the developing cerebellum (CBLM) resulting in hypoplasia and ataxia, but very little is known about the human parvoviruses and their ability to infect or cause disease in the CBLM. We have now confirmed in the above cohort the presence of AAV2 and B19 sequences in the CBLM. Our results show that approximately 27% and approximately 70% of human CBLM are positive by nested polymerase chain reaction for AAV2 and B19 sequences, respectively. We also document in a second cohort (N = 10) the presence of AAV2 (50%) and B19 (100%) sequences in the CBLM and correlate our results for B19 with studies from matched sera. Eighty percent (80%) of this cohort was positive for anti-B19 IgG, while none were IgM+, suggesting that most individuals had been previously infected with B19 but none acutely. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that both AAV2 and B19 sequences are present at relatively high frequencies in the CBLM and are likely due to persistent rather than acute infection. Further studies will lead to insights into AAV2- and/or B19-CBLM interactions including mechanisms of infection, persistence, and possibly neuropathology, including cerebellar hypoplasia and ataxia.

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Search for Viral Nucleic Acid Sequences in Brain Tissues of Patients With Schizophrenia Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cited by 42 publications

References 80 publications

Infections in the CNS During Childhood and the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Illness: A Cohort Study of More Than One Million Swedish Subjects

Infections in the CNS During Childhood and the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Illness: A Cohort Study of More Than One Million Swedish Subjects

No Changes in Paired Viral Antibody Titers during the Course of Acute Schizophrenia

Persistent Adeno-associated Virus 2 and Parvovirus B19 Sequences in Post-mortem Human Cerebellum

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