Search for the vulnerable giants: the presence of giant guitarfish and wedgefish in the Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters

Abstract

Context Giant guitarfish (Family: Glaucostegidae) and wedgefish (Family: Rhinidae) (Critically Endangered, IUCN Red List and CITES Appendix II) are highly exploited throughout their distribution because of their highly valued fins in the international market. Both are commonly caught as bycatch or secondary valuable catch in the Java Sea, including in Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Aims Assess the presence and relative abundance of giant guitarfish and wedgefish species in Karimunjawa National Park and adjacent waters. Methods Data were collected using baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys across 40 sites, covering multiple zonation areas and depth ranges. All species were identified to the species level and their relative abundance was tested with one-way PERMANOVA based on sites, zonation areas and depths. Key results Two target species, Glaucostegus typus and Rhynchobatus australiae, were present in the study area with a maximum number of 3 and 6 and relative abundance of 0.0048 and 0.0096 respectively, over 477 BRUVs and 623.9 h of videos. Their presence during the study was not affected by sites, zonations or depth. Implications The presence and relative abundance of both G. typus and R. australiae were low, which may be a result of decades of overfishing, and have provided the first information to the urgency of managing the species in the areas.