Search for the Origin of Discrepancies in Osmotic Measurements of the PNIPAM - Water System

Manek, Enikő; Tombácz, Etelka; Geissler, Erik; László, Krisztina

doi:10.3311/ppch.10273

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In most of the reviewed articles, structural properties of T A B L E 1 Overview of polymeric nanocarriers developed for the central nervous system delivery of antidotes for various poisonings nanocarriers were not considered and the relationship between the architecture of polymeric building blocks and the final NP structure is typically not well understood. There is also a general lack of systematic studies that examine the correlation between the structure of the polymeric nanocarrier and its performance, such as encapsulation capacity, drug release profile or therapeutic efficacy (Manek, Tombácz, Geissler, & László, 2017). An exception to this phenomenon is the work of Rabanel et al, where it was demonstrated that the efficacy of CUR to reduce the effects of oxidative stress on neuronal cells strongly depended on the architecture of the polymeric building blocks, as well as on the structure of the nanocarriers (Rabanel et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain delivery of antidotes by polymeric nanoparticles

Manek

Petroianu

2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Accidental intoxications from environmental pollutants, as well as intentional selfand chemical warfare-related poisonings affect millions of people worldwide each year. While many toxic agents can readily enter the central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents the brain uptake of most pharmaceuticals. Consequently, poisoning antidotes usually cannot reach their site of action in the CNS in therapeutically relevant concentrations, and thus only provide effective protection to the peripheral nervous system. This limitation can be overcome by encapsulating the antidotes in nanoparticles (NP), which can enhance their CNS accumulation without damaging the integrity of the BBB. Among nanocarriers, polymerbased drug delivery systems exhibit remarkable benefits, such as bioavailability, cell uptake and tissue retention. Furthermore, due to their capacity to mask unfavorable physicochemical properties of cargo drugs, polymeric NPs were able to improve BBB transport of various pharmaceuticals. However, while polymer NP-mediated treatment of various pathological brain conditions, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease were exhaustively studied, the application of polymeric nanocarriers for braintargeted delivery of antidote molecules has not been adequately examined. To display its therapeutic potential, we review the state of the art of polymer NP-assisted CNS delivery of antidotes for various poisonings, including heavy metal and organophosphorus intoxications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain delivery of antidotes by polymeric nanoparticles

Manek

Petroianu

2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…On the other hand, rivastigmine is characterized by a very short half-life (1.5 h) [ 45 ], a relatively low absolute bioavailability (approximately 36% after a 3 mg dose) [ 20 ] and limited BBB penetration due to its hydrophilic nature. Furthermore, in conventional formulations rivastigmine is associated with cholinergically-mediated, mainly gastrointestinal side effects; such as abdominal pain, nausea, dyspepsia and vomiting [ 29 , 32 , 42 ]. While transdermal patches were reported to successfully reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects of rivastigmine, they can exhibit other disadvantages such as limited diffusion of therapeutic molecules via the skin barrier, skin irritation, loss of patches from the skin, or the lack of BBB transfer promoting ability [ 46 ].…”

Section: Use Of Chitosan Nanoparticles In the Treatment Of Alzheimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (NP) seem to be particularly suitable for the enhancement of drug pharmacokinetics, as they are able to mask the BBB transport limiting physicochemical properties of API molecules [ 24 ]. Polymeric nanocarriers are also ideal tools to reduce peripheral side effects, either by facilitating sustained drug discharge [ 29 , 30 , 31 ] or by enabling controlled API release via the incorporation of stimuli-responsive building blocks [ 32 ]. Polymeric carriers can bind drugs either covalently and non-covalently, as well as are able to carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutic compounds [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 24 million people worldwide and represents an immense medical, social and economic burden. While a vast array of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is available for the prevention and possibly treatment of AD, applicability is limited by the selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as by their severe peripheral side effects. A promising solution to these problems is the incorporation of anti-Alzheimer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). However, while several polymeric NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible, many of them are not biodegradable and thus not appropriate for CNS-targeting. Among polymeric nanocarriers, chitosan-based NPs emerge as biodegradable yet stable vehicles for the delivery of CNS medications. Furthermore, due to their mucoadhesive character and intrinsic bioactivity, chitosan NPs can not only promote brain penetration of drugs via the olfactory route, but also act as anti-Alzheimer therapeutics themselves. Here we review how chitosan-based NPs could be used to address current challenges in the treatment of AD; with a specific focus on the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-Alzheimer drugs and on the reduction of their peripheral side effects.

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Experimental Determination of the Mechanical Properties and Deformation Constants of Mórágy Granitic Rock Formation (Hungary)

Davarpanah

Somodi²,

Kovács³

et al. 2020

Geotech Geol Eng

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Determination of the mechanical behaviour of intact rock is one of the most important parts of any engineering projects in the field of rock mechanics. The most important mechanical parameters required to understand the quality of intact rock are Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (m), the strength of rock (r c) and the ratio of Young's modulus to the strength of rock known as modulus ratio (M R), which can be used for calculations. The particular interest of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these parameters for Hungarian granitic rock samples. To fulfil this aim, Modulus of elasticity (E), Modulus of rigidity (G), Bulk modulus (K) and the modulus ratio (M R = E/r c) of 50 granitic rock samples collected from Bátaapáti radioactive waste repository were examined. Fifty high-precision uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on strong (r c-[ 100 MPa) rock samples, exhibiting the wide range of elastic modulus (E = 57.425-88.937 GPa), uniaxial compressive strength (r c-= 133.34-213.04 MPa) and Poisson's ratio (m = 0.18-0.32). The observed value (M R = 326-597) and mean value of M R = 439.4 are compared with the results of similar previous researches. Moreover, the statistical analysis for all studied rocks was performed and the relationship between M R and other mechanical parameters such as maximum axial strain (e a, max) for studied rock samples was discussed. Finally, the validity of the proposed mathematical model by Palchik (Geomech Geophys Geo-energy Geo-resour 6:1-12, 2019) for stress-strain behaviour of granitic rock samples was investigated. Keywords Uniaxial compressive test Á Modulus of elasticity (E) Á Modulus of rigidity (G) Á Bulk modulus (K) Á Modulus ratio (M R) Á Maximum axial strain (e a, max) Á Mórágy granite formation Á Mathematical model 1 Introduction Rock engineering properties are considered to be the most important parameters in the design of ground works. Two important mechanical parameters, uniaxial compressive strength (r c) and elastic modulus of rock (E) should be estimated correctly. There are different empirical relations between r c and

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Search for the Origin of Discrepancies in Osmotic Measurements of the PNIPAM - Water System

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Brain delivery of antidotes by polymeric nanoparticles

Brain delivery of antidotes by polymeric nanoparticles

Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Experimental Determination of the Mechanical Properties and Deformation Constants of Mórágy Granitic Rock Formation (Hungary)

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